临床护理练习卷（附答案）

The term "hypernatraemia" means:

1. AA high blood glucose level
2. BA high serum sodium level
3. CA high serum potassium level
4. DA low serum sodium level

Cellulitis is:

1. AA bacterial infection of the deeper skin and the tissue beneath it
2. BA fungal infection of the skin between the toes only
3. CA blocked sweat gland
4. DAn allergic rash caused by a reaction to soap or washing powder

What is the usual normal range for serum sodium in adults (in mmol/L, numerically equal to mEq/L)?

1. A95–105 mmol/L
2. B3.5–5.0 mmol/L
3. C135–145 mmol/L
4. D2.2–2.6 mmol/L

How does CPAP help a patient with obstructive sleep apnoea?

1. AIt removes excess carbon dioxide from the lungs by gentle suction
2. BIt delivers bronchodilator drugs deep into the lungs overnight
3. CIt keeps the upper airway open during sleep with continuous air pressure
4. DIt strengthens the breathing muscles during the day

一名患者有绞痛样腹痛、腹胀、呕吐，两天未排便排气。可能的问题是什么？

1. A肠梗阻
2. B胃肠炎
3. C无并发症的阑尾炎
4. D肠易激综合征

Why can a very low serum albumin contribute to oedema?

1. AIt lowers the oncotic pressure that holds fluid in the blood vessels
2. BIt increases the number of red cells
3. CIt makes the kidneys retain potassium
4. DIt raises the blood pressure in the capillaries and pushes fluid out

Why are liquid medicines for nasogastric tubes drawn up in dedicated enteral (oral) syringes rather than IV syringes?

1. AEnteral syringes measure doses less accurately
2. BTo prevent accidental intravenous administration
3. CEnteral syringes keep the medicine sterile
4. DIV syringes cannot hold liquid medicines

Why must severe chronic hyponatraemia be corrected slowly?

1. AToo-rapid correction can cause osmotic demyelination in the brain
2. BFast correction makes the kidneys stop producing urine
3. CFast correction causes severe hypoglycaemia and seizures in most patients
4. DSodium given quickly causes immediate cardiac arrest