临床护理练习卷（附答案）

哪项体征是左心衰竭的典型表现？

1. A尿量增多
2. B气短，尤其是平卧时
3. C右下腹疼痛
4. D皮肤和眼白发黄

A DNACPR (do not attempt CPR; often called DNR or DNAR in the US) decision means that:

1. AThe patient must be moved to a hospice
2. BAll treatment, including food, drink and pain relief, is stopped
3. CThe patient cannot receive antibiotics, fluids or any other active treatment
4. DCPR will not be attempted if the heart stops, but other care continues

Which heart rhythm needs immediate defibrillation in a patient in cardiac arrest?

1. AAsystole
2. BSinus bradycardia
3. CFirst-degree heart block
4. DVentricular fibrillation

Which type of painkiller should a patient with liver cirrhosis usually avoid?

1. ANon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen
2. BParacetamol (acetaminophen), given in a carefully reduced and monitored dose
3. CLocal anaesthetic creams
4. DHot packs applied to a painful joint

一名 1 型糖尿病患者血糖 25 mmol/L，呼吸深快，尿中有酮体。最可能的诊断是什么？

1. A低血糖
2. B糖尿病酮症酸中毒
3. C无酮体的高渗高血糖状态
4. D正常的血糖波动

Why can a very low serum albumin contribute to oedema?

1. AIt raises the blood pressure in the capillaries and pushes fluid out
2. BIt increases the number of red cells
3. CIt makes the kidneys retain potassium
4. DIt lowers the oncotic pressure that holds fluid in the blood vessels

一名接受高流量吸氧的 COPD 患者变得嗜睡，脉搏洪大，皮肤潮红。血气显示 PaCO₂ 升高、pH 降低。最可能的原因是什么？

1. A呕吐引起的代谢性碱中毒
2. B阿片类药物过敏
3. C低血糖
4. D高碳酸血症性呼吸衰竭，部分由吸氧过量引起

内科病房一名患者已腹泻三天。最恰当的感染控制措施是什么？

1. A等腹泻持续一周后再采取任何措施
2. B只用含酒精的手消毒剂，不戴手套以节省资源
3. C把患者移到多人病房，以便空出单间
4. D立即隔离，采取接触防护，并送检粪便标本