临床护理练习卷（附答案）

为什么重度 COPD 患者常采用较低的血氧饱和度目标（88–92%）？

1. A氧气会加重他们的胸痛
2. B他们的肺完全不能吸收氧气
3. C高流量吸氧可能使其中部分患者发生二氧化碳潴留
4. D只有在 COPD 中氧气才易燃

What is a normal capillary refill time in an adult?

1. AMore than 15 seconds
2. B5–6 seconds
3. C2 seconds or less
4. D8–10 seconds

Osteoporosis mainly increases the risk of:

1. AFractures from minor falls
2. BJoint infections
3. CHigh blood calcium
4. DMuscle cramps at night

Which drug is first-line in an acute asthma attack?

1. AA nebulised or inhaled short-acting beta₂-agonist (salbutamol/albuterol)
2. BAn oral beta-blocker
3. CAn oral antihistamine such as cetirizine taken every few hours
4. DA long-acting inhaled corticosteroid, used alone at a higher dose

Which side effect is associated with SGLT2 inhibitors such as dapagliflozin?

1. AGenital fungal infections
2. BHair loss
3. CBradycardia
4. DSevere weight gain and fluid retention

Which of these is one of the "4 Hs", the reversible causes of cardiac arrest?

1. AHyperventilation
2. BHyperthyroidism
3. CHypertension
4. DHypoxia

A catheterised postoperative patient has passed only 10 mL of urine in the last two hours. What should the nurse check first?

1. AThe patient's cholesterol level from the admission bloods
2. BWhether the patient has eaten breakfast
3. CThe patient's weight from last year
4. DThat the catheter and tubing are not kinked or blocked

A patient with several days of vomiting and diarrhoea has low blood pressure, low urine output and a rising creatinine. Which description fits best?

1. AChronic kidney disease, treated with long-term dialysis three times a week
2. BPre-renal acute kidney injury from poor perfusion, treated by restoring fluid volume
3. CIntrinsic kidney injury from glomerulonephritis, treated with high-dose steroids
4. DPost-renal acute kidney injury from obstruction, treated with a catheter