临床护理练习卷（附答案）

Seasonal influenza is mainly spread by:

1. ARespiratory droplets and contaminated hands or surfaces
2. BContaminated food only
3. CBlood transfusions and contaminated needles
4. DMosquito and other insect bites in warm weather

Postural (orthostatic) hypotension is a drop in blood pressure that happens:

1. AOnly during heavy exercise or climbing stairs
2. BOn standing up from lying or sitting
3. CAfter eating a large meal
4. DOnly during deep sleep

A wheeze heard on chest auscultation is caused by:

1. AThe pleural layers rubbing together
2. BFluid in the alveoli
3. CFluid collecting in the pleural space
4. DAir flowing through narrowed airways

Long-term amiodarone treatment can affect which of the following?

1. AThe sense of smell and taste only, with no other effects
2. BBlood glucose and cholesterol only
3. CHair colour and nail growth only, with no effect on organs
4. DThyroid function, the lungs and the skin's sensitivity to sunlight

Which measure helps reduce the risk of surgical site infection?

1. ALeaving the patient cool during surgery to slow bacterial growth
2. BShaving the area with a razor the night before surgery
3. CChanging the wound dressing every hour
4. DRemoving hair, if needed, with clippers rather than a razor

一名 1 型糖尿病患者血糖 25 mmol/L，呼吸深快，尿中有酮体。最可能的诊断是什么？

1. A正常的血糖波动
2. B低血糖
3. C糖尿病酮症酸中毒
4. D无酮体的高渗高血糖状态

After a head injury, a patient passes very large volumes of dilute urine and the serum sodium is rising. What is most likely?

1. AAcute kidney injury
2. BSyndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
3. CDiabetes mellitus
4. DDiabetes insipidus

A potassium result of 6.9 mmol/L comes back on a well patient with a normal ECG, and the laboratory reports that the sample was haemolysed. What is the best action?

1. AStart a potassium supplement
2. BIgnore the result because the patient looks well and the ECG is normal
3. CRepeat the blood test promptly, as haemolysis can falsely raise potassium
4. DGive IV insulin and glucose straight away