感染控制与患者安全练习卷（附答案）

患者疑似脑膜炎球菌性脑膜炎（Neisseria meningitidis）。应采取哪种预防措施？

1. A仅接触传播预防
2. B飞沫传播预防
3. C仅标准预防
4. D空气传播预防

What is closed-loop communication?

1. ASending a message to the team without waiting for any reply or confirmation
2. BThe receiver repeats the message back and the sender confirms it is correct
3. CCommunication that only happens in a closed room
4. DWriting every message in the patient’s chart only

When should the side rails of a young child’s hospital crib be fully raised?

1. AOnly when a parent asks for them to be raised before leaving the room
2. BWhenever the child is in the crib and the nurse steps away
3. COnly if the child has fallen before
4. DOnly at night while the child sleeps

A newly hired nurse had BCG vaccine as a child. Which TB screening test is usually preferred?

1. AA chest x-ray every month for the first year
2. BAn interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) blood test
3. CA tuberculin skin test, which is read 24 hours after it is placed
4. DNo screening, because BCG prevents all TB

Sputum specimens are ordered to look for acid-fast bacilli (TB). How are they usually collected?

1. AThree specimens collected after an antiseptic mouthwash
2. BOne saliva sample collected at any convenient time of day
3. CThree deep-cough specimens collected 8 to 24 hours apart, at least one early in the morning
4. DOne specimen of sputum collected straight after the evening meal, when coughing is easiest

Which measure is part of the bundle for inserting a central venous catheter to prevent bloodstream infection?

1. AChoosing the femoral vein as the first site in adults
2. BGiving antibiotics to every patient before insertion
3. CChlorhexidine-alcohol skin antisepsis and maximal sterile barrier precautions
4. DRoutine replacement of the catheter on a fixed schedule, such as every three days

A nurse floated to an unfamiliar unit is asked to manage a device they have never been trained to use. What should the nurse do?

1. ALeave the device untouched and not tell anyone
2. BTell the charge nurse and ask for help or a change of assignment
3. CDo it anyway, using only the device manual and the instructions on the screen
4. DAsk the patient or the family to explain how the device works

护士的哪项行为表明她遵守了手卫生五个时刻？

1. A她在两位患者之间戴着同一副手套
2. B她只在手看起来脏时才清洁双手
3. C她在接触床栏之后清洁双手
4. D她只在班次开始和结束时清洁双手