感染控制与患者安全练习卷（附答案）

A culture and sensitivity report says the organism is “sensitive” to an antibiotic. What does this mean?

1. AThe organism causes an allergic reaction to the drug
2. BThe patient is allergic to the antibiotic and should not be given it
3. CThe antibiotic is expected to stop the organism growing
4. DThe organism has become resistant to the antibiotic

患者安全中的“公正文化”（just culture）是什么？

1. A每一次差错都对当事人给予正式处罚
2. B为了保护员工士气，从不讨论差错
3. C只有医生报告差错，护士只是通知医生
4. D公开报告差错并改进系统；对鲁莽行为仍予以处理

At what height should a bed be when the nurse is giving care at the bedside?

1. AIn the highest position, above the nurse’s chest
2. BIn the lowest position, close to the floor
3. CAt about the level of the nurse’s waist
4. DAt whatever height the bed was left

Why are patients on long-term corticosteroids at higher risk from infections?

1. ASteroids make the patient’s blood more acidic, which helps bacteria grow
2. BSteroids only affect the risk of fungal skin rashes
3. CSteroids kill the patient’s normal skin bacteria
4. DSteroids suppress the immune response and can hide signs of infection

Which technique is correct when collecting a wound culture?

1. AUse one swab to sample two different wounds
2. BSwab the old pus on the dressing that was just removed from the wound
3. CClean the wound with sterile saline first, then swab clean tissue
4. DCollect the sample only after antibiotics have been started

A cup of water is spilled over an infusion pump plugged into the wall. What should the nurse do?

1. ASwitch it off and unplug it safely, then have it checked before reuse
2. BLeave it running and place a towel over it until it dries
3. CWipe it dry quickly with a towel and keep using it for the infusion
4. DTurn the pump upside down to drain it while running

During a disaster, the hospital needs to free beds quickly. Which patient is the best candidate for early discharge?

1. AA patient with ongoing chest pain awaiting cardiac tests
2. BA patient on a ventilator in the intensive care unit who is slowly improving
3. CA patient admitted overnight for observation who is now stable with normal tests
4. DA patient on an IV heparin infusion that is still being adjusted

In a US hospital (CMS rules), a patient keeps pulling at an endotracheal tube, and alternatives have failed. The nurse applies wrist restraints in an emergency. What must happen next?

1. AObtain a time-limited order for the restraint promptly, following policy
2. BAsk the family to sign a consent form instead of an order
3. CAsk the provider for a PRN restraint order to use as needed
4. DKeep the restraints on without an order until the patient is calm