感染控制与患者安全练习卷（附答案）

Which precautions are used for a patient with rubella (German measles)?

1. AStandard precautions only
2. BContact precautions only
3. CDroplet precautions
4. DAirborne precautions

Why is a Gram stain often done on a specimen before the culture result is ready?

1. AIt measures the number of white cells in the blood
2. BIt shows exactly which antibiotic will work
3. CIt quickly sorts bacteria into groups that help choose early treatment
4. DIt confirms whether the patient has a virus and which virus it is

How often should home smoke alarms be tested?

1. AOnly after a fire
2. BOnly when the battery runs out
3. COnce every five years
4. DOnce a month

A cup of water is spilled over an infusion pump plugged into the wall. What should the nurse do?

1. ALeave it running and place a towel over it until it dries
2. BSwitch it off and unplug it safely, then have it checked before reuse
3. CTurn the pump upside down to drain it while running
4. DWipe it dry quickly with a towel and keep using it for the infusion

一名护士被已知感染 HIV 的患者用过的针头刺伤。为什么必须立即上报？

1. A只有静脉注射针头造成的损伤才需要上报
2. B一个月内任何时候上报都不会改变风险
3. C暴露后预防用药在数小时内开始效果最好
4. D只有伤口出血或较深时才需要上报

A parent will give a liquid antibiotic to a child at home. Which teaching is best?

1. AUse the oral syringe or dosing cup that comes with the medicine
2. BUse any teaspoon or tablespoon from the kitchen drawer at home
3. CUse a tablespoon for doses over 5 mL
4. DEstimate the dose by pouring into a cup

A nurse teaches parents of a toddler about drowning prevention. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“I can leave my 2-year-old in the bath for a minute if the water is shallow.”
2. B“We keep the gate in the pool fence closed and locked at all times.”
3. C“I stay within arm’s reach of my child whenever we are near any water.”
4. D“I empty buckets of water as soon as I have used them.”

一名疑似百日咳的患者因没有空闲单人间，需要暂住共用病房。在联系感染控制期间，哪种安排最恰当？

1. A采取空气传播预防，所有人都戴 N95 呼吸器
2. B拉上床帘，间隔 1 米（3 英尺）以上，近距离接触时戴口罩
3. C在有单人间之前完全不采取任何预防措施
4. D把患者安置在免疫功能低下的患者旁边