感染控制与患者安全练习卷（附答案）

Which of these counts as a physical restraint?

1. AUsing a bed exit alarm for a patient at high risk of falling at night
2. BRaising all four side rails to stop a patient from getting out of bed
3. CUsing a gait belt while helping a patient walk in the corridor
4. DPlacing the bed in its lowest position

What is a healthcare-associated infection?

1. AAn infection that was already present or incubating when the patient was admitted
2. BAn infection that only affects health care workers, not patients
3. CAn infection caught at home from a family member during recovery
4. DAn infection acquired during care that was not present or incubating on admission

Which precautions are used for a patient with HIV infection who has no other infection?

1. AStandard precautions
2. BContact precautions
3. CDroplet precautions
4. DAirborne precautions

Which nursing care reduces the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia?

1. ALeaving secretions in the mouth to protect the airway
2. BLying the patient flat for most of the day
3. CRegular oral care to reduce bacteria in the mouth
4. DChanging the ventilator circuit every few hours

An order reads “Give potassium chloride by IV push.” What should the nurse do?

1. AGive it slowly by IV push over two minutes while watching the cardiac monitor
2. BDilute it in a small syringe and push it
3. CGive half by IV push and the rest later
4. DNot give it, and contact the prescriber, because it is never given by IV push

A visitor with a cold wants to see a patient who has severe neutropenia. What should the nurse advise?

1. AVisit only if the cold started more than a day ago
2. BVisit but avoid touching the patient’s bed
3. CPostpone the visit until the visitor is well
4. DVisit as usual after washing the hands

A nurse has raised a safety concern about an order with the prescriber, who dismissed it without addressing it. What should the nurse do next?

1. ARefuse to care for the patient for the rest of the shift until the prescriber apologizes
2. BCarry out the order as written, because the prescriber has heard the concern
3. CDiscuss the concern with the patient and let them decide
4. DState the concern clearly a second time and, if still unresolved, use the chain of command

A nurse teaches a patient about care of a surgical incision at home. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“I will call the clinic if I get a fever or more pain around the wound.”
2. B“I will keep the dressing clean and dry as I was shown.”
3. C“I will wash my hands with soap before I touch or change the dressing.”
4. D“If the wound gets red and drains pus, I will wait for my appointment next month.”