感染控制与患者安全练习卷（附答案）

下列哪项措施属于标准预防？

1. A预计会接触血液或体液时戴手套
2. B每次接触患者都戴 N95 呼吸器
3. C无论操作内容，每次接触患者都穿隔离衣、戴口罩
4. D把每位患者都安置在负压病房

In The Joint Commission’s (US) terminology, what is a sentinel event?

1. AAn unexpected event causing death or serious physical or psychological harm
2. BAn error that is caught before it reaches the patient
3. CAn expected side effect that was explained to the patient
4. DA minor error that reaches the patient but causes no harm of any kind at all

Which item is “non-critical” and needs only cleaning and low-level disinfection between patients?

1. AA blood pressure cuff
2. BA flexible gastroscope
3. CA set of surgical forceps
4. DA central venous catheter

Where is a gait belt placed when helping a patient to walk?

1. AAround the chest, under the arms
2. BAround the patient’s waist, over clothing
3. CAround the hips, directly on bare skin
4. DAround both thighs, just above the knees

Why must visible dirt be removed from equipment before it is disinfected?

1. AOrganic matter can shield organisms and weaken the disinfectant
2. BDirt makes the disinfectant react and work too strongly on the surface
3. CCleaning first is only needed for metal items
4. DDisinfectants only work on wet surfaces

A child has swallowed a button battery. Why is this urgent?

1. AIt always passes through the gut without harm
2. BIt can burn through the lining of the esophagus within hours
3. CThe only risk is poisoning from heavy metals years later
4. DIt is only harmful if several batteries are swallowed

两种不同药物的外观相似药瓶并排存放，一名护士差点拿错。下列哪种应对最体现公正文化？

1. A为维护病区声誉而隐瞒此事
2. B处分差点拿错药瓶的护士
3. C上报并改进系统，例如把药瓶分开存放
4. D告诉护士要更加小心，不做其他处理

一名患者伤口曾感染 MRSA，现在需要换药。哪种个人防护装备是恰当的？

1. A隔离衣和手套，若可能有飞溅则加戴护目装备和口罩
2. B仅戴 N95 呼吸器，因为 MRSA 是耐药菌
3. C仅戴无菌手套，不穿隔离衣或其他防护
4. D不用个人防护装备，只要事后清洁双手即可