感染控制与患者安全练习卷（附答案）

In the United States, what is a “boxed warning” (black box warning) on a drug label?

1. AThe strongest FDA warning, about a serious or life-threatening risk
2. BA sign that the drug is no longer sold
3. CA note that the drug must be kept in a locked box on the ward
4. DA label for drugs that are safe in children

Which is one of the body’s first-line, non-specific defenses against infection?

1. AMemory T cells
2. BIntact skin
3. CAntibiotics in the bloodstream
4. DAntibodies made after vaccination

Which aid makes it safer to move a patient sideways from a bed to a stretcher?

1. AA wheelchair placed between the bed and stretcher
2. BPulling the patient by the arms and legs
3. CA gait belt around the patient’s waist
4. DA friction-reducing slide sheet or transfer board

A parent calls because a toddler has swallowed some household cleaner. The child is awake and breathing normally. What should the nurse advise first?

1. AWait to see whether any symptoms develop over the next day
2. BContact the local poison advice service now for specific advice
3. CGive syrup of ipecac from the medicine cabinet
4. DMake the child vomit, using a finger at the back of the throat

A patient with poorly controlled seizures asks about activities at home. Which advice is most important?

1. ASleep sitting up in a chair
2. BNever swim or bathe alone
3. CAvoid drinking water before bed
4. DAvoid all forms of exercise

Where should the dispersive (grounding) pad for electrosurgery be placed?

1. AOver an area with scar tissue or a tattoo, so that the pad does not slip
2. BOn clean, dry skin over a well-perfused muscle, close to the surgical site
3. COn skin that is wet with antiseptic prep
4. DOver a bony prominence such as the hip bone

A hospital will introduce new infusion pumps and wants to find out how the process could fail before any harm occurs. Which method fits best?

1. AFailure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
2. BRoot cause analysis (RCA) of the new pumps
3. CAn incident report for each new pump
4. DA morbidity and mortality meeting

护士发现患者的输液泵速率设置比处方高出十倍。患者看起来状况良好。首先应做什么？

1. A保持该速率，并在记录中写明发现
2. B停止或纠正输注，然后评估患者
3. C询问患者是否感觉有变化，并继续输注
4. D等待观察是否出现任何副作用