实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Why is AST less specific for liver damage than ALT?

1. AAST is not measured in the blood at all
2. BAST is found only in the kidney tubules
3. CAST is made by the bone marrow, not the liver
4. DAST is also found in heart and skeletal muscle

What does a "stat" laboratory order mean?

1. AThe test is done at night
2. BThe test is done if time allows
3. CThe test is done next week
4. DThe test is done immediately

Thrombocytopenia is usually defined as a platelet count below:

1. A15 × 10³/µL (15 × 10⁹/L)
2. B1,000 × 10³/µL (1,000 × 10⁹/L)
3. C150 × 10³/µL (150 × 10⁹/L)
4. D450 × 10³/µL (450 × 10⁹/L)

A patient with hepatic encephalopathy is receiving lactulose. Which finding best shows that the treatment is effective?

1. ANo bowel movement for 2 days and calm sleep
2. BSix to eight watery stools a day with dizziness
3. CA rising serum ammonia with a slower flapping tremor
4. DTwo to three soft stools a day and clearer thinking

A patient's potassium is unexpectedly 5.8 mEq/L. The sample was taken after the tourniquet was on for several minutes while the patient pumped their fist. What is the best interpretation?

1. AThe result confirms true hyperkalemia and needs no further checking
2. BTourniquet time affects only the glucose result, not the potassium
3. CThe result may be falsely high and should be repeated with better technique
4. DFist pumping lowers potassium, so the true level is even higher

A stool test for Clostridioides difficile is ordered. Which sample is appropriate?

1. AAny stool after a laxative dose
2. BAn unformed (liquid or soft) stool
3. CA formed, hard stool sample
4. DA rectal swab from a patient with constipation

A patient with acute kidney injury after severe dehydration has a rising creatinine. Which urine findings support a prerenal cause rather than acute tubular necrosis (ATN)?

1. ALow urine sodium and concentrated urine with a high specific gravity
2. BHigh urine sodium and dilute urine with muddy brown granular casts
3. CRed cell casts with heavy protein loss in the urine
4. DWhite cell casts with positive nitrites on the dipstick

一名血小板计数为 35 × 10³/µL 的患者被开具肌内注射。护士应怎么做？

1. A注射后热敷
2. B按处方注射，并用力按摩注射部位
3. C询问开医嘱者是否可以改用其他途径
4. D用更长的针头注射