实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Which tube additive is used for a complete blood count (CBC)?

1. AEDTA (usually a lavender or purple top)
2. BNo additive, clot activator (red top)
3. CSodium citrate (usually a light blue top)
4. DSodium fluoride (usually a gray top)

Which findings are typical of a low serum magnesium?

1. AJaundice, itching and pale stools
2. BLoss of reflexes, flushing and slow breathing
3. CPolyuria, extreme thirst and pale urine
4. DTremor, hyperreflexia and cardiac arrhythmias

In many US nursing references, what is the commonly cited therapeutic range for serum lithium in maintenance therapy?

1. AAbout 3.5–5.0 mEq/L
2. BAbout 2.0–3.0 mEq/L
3. CAbout 10–20 mEq/L
4. DAbout 0.6–1.2 mEq/L

A patient takes high-dose furosemide. Besides potassium, which electrolyte is most commonly lowered?

1. ASodium bicarbonate
2. BMagnesium
3. CPhosphate
4. DUric acid

A patient with central diabetes insipidus starts desmopressin. Which laboratory result is most important to monitor for an adverse effect?

1. ASerum potassium, which may rise too high
2. BSerum sodium, which may fall too low
3. CSerum calcium, which may rise too high
4. DSerum glucose, which may rise very high

A patient taking a statin reports new, unexplained muscle pain and weakness. Which laboratory test would the nurse expect to be ordered?

1. ASerum ammonia
2. BSerum lipase
3. CCardiac troponin
4. DCreatine kinase (CK)

A patient has a hemoglobin of 11.2 g/dL (112 g/L), an MCV of 64 fL, a normal ferritin and a normal-to-high red cell count. What is the most likely cause?

1. AIron deficiency
2. BThalassemia trait
3. CAcute blood loss
4. DVitamin B₁₂ deficiency

The nurse teaches a patient with severe neutropenia after chemotherapy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll avoid people who have a cold or the flu"
2. B"I'll call the clinic if my temperature rises"
3. C"I'll check my temperature rectally to be accurate"
4. D"I'll wash my hands before eating and after the toilet"