实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

尿比重 1.035 最可能提示：

1. A对每个患者来说都是正常尿液
2. B尿液非常稀，如尿崩症时
3. C尿路感染
4. D尿液浓缩，如脱水时

Why can bilirubin appear in the urine in obstructive jaundice but not in hemolytic jaundice?

1. AHemolysis stops the kidneys making any urine at all
2. BThe kidneys are always damaged in obstructive jaundice
3. CUnconjugated bilirubin is broken down in the bladder
4. DOnly conjugated bilirubin is water soluble and filtered

万古霉素谷浓度应在何时采血？

1. A输注结束后立即
2. B一天中任何方便的时间，不论何时给药
3. C输注开始后两小时
4. D下一次给药前，通常在给药前 30 分钟内

A trauma patient receives 2 L of IV crystalloid. The hemoglobin falls from 13.0 to 11.4 g/dL (130 to 114 g/L), and the vital signs are now stable. Which explanation is most likely?

1. AA sudden failure of the bone marrow
2. BIncreased red cell production
3. CA laboratory error in the first sample
4. DDilution of the blood by the IV fluid

A patient has a calcium of 7.0 mg/dL (1.75 mmol/L) and tingling around the mouth. Which nursing measure is most appropriate?

1. AEncourage 3 L of fluid per day to dilute the calcium
2. BLimit dairy products until the level falls again
3. CPromote walking to move calcium back into the bone
4. DPut seizure precautions in place and report the result

A patient is starting dabigatran, a direct oral anticoagulant. Which laboratory test is most important to review before the first dose?

1. ATSH, to rule out an overactive thyroid gland
2. BLipase, to rule out an inflamed pancreas first
3. CKidney function (creatinine clearance)
4. DINR, to set the dose of the anticoagulant

A patient has a continuous heparin infusion for a pulmonary embolism. A new nurse plans to adjust the infusion using today's INR of 1.1. What should the experienced nurse explain?

1. AHeparin needs no laboratory monitoring once the infusion is started
2. BHeparin is adjusted using the aPTT or anti-Xa level, not the INR
3. CThe INR is the correct test, and 1.1 means heparin is therapeutic
4. DThe INR of 1.1 means the heparin rate must be doubled at once

Two weeks after a sore throat, a child develops dark (cola-colored) urine, puffy eyes and high blood pressure. Urinalysis shows red cell casts and protein. Which condition is most likely?

1. ALower urinary tract infection (cystitis)
2. BPrerenal acute kidney injury
3. CKidney stone in the ureter
4. DPost-streptococcal glomerulonephritis