实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

哪项实验室结果与皮肤和眼睛发黄（黄疸）关系最密切？

1. A血清胆红素升高
2. B血清钾升高
3. C血清钙降低
4. D血小板计数降低

Which statement about HDL cholesterol is correct?

1. AIt should ideally be kept below 40 mg/dL (1.0 mmol/L)
2. BHigher levels are the main cause of plaque in the arteries
3. CHigher levels are linked to a lower risk of heart disease
4. DIt is the same as the fasting triglyceride level

Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency typically causes which type of anemia?

1. AMicrocytic anemia, with small red cells
2. BMacrocytic anemia, with large red cells
3. CAplastic anemia, with an empty bone marrow
4. DHemolytic anemia, with destroyed red cells

A patient on peritoneal dialysis notices that the drained fluid is cloudy and has abdominal pain. What should the nurse do?

1. ASend the fluid for cell count and culture and report it
2. BStop dialysis for a week and recheck the fluid later
3. CAdd more glucose to the next bag to clear the fluid
4. DRecord it as normal and continue the usual exchanges

为什么肝衰竭患者即使没有服用华法林，INR 也可能升高？

1. A胆红素直接破坏凝血因子
2. B白蛋白是一种凝血因子，其水平下降
3. C肾脏不再从血液中清除凝血因子
4. D肝脏合成大多数凝血因子，因此合成减少

A patient with hyperkalemia received IV regular insulin with dextrose. Which result must the nurse monitor closely over the next hours?

1. ABlood glucose, because hypoglycemia can occur
2. BSerum sodium, because it rises quickly
3. CSerum calcium, because it falls sharply
4. DHemoglobin, because insulin causes red cell loss

一名钠为 132 mEq/L、血糖为 600 mg/dL（33.3 mmol/L）的患者入院。为什么要谨慎解读钠的数值？

1. A葡萄糖对测得的钠没有影响
2. B高血糖使测得的钠假性升高，因此实际上更低
3. C钠的结果一定是实验室误差
4. D高血糖把水吸入血液，稀释了钠

A patient with blood pressure that is hard to control has a potassium of 2.9 mEq/L, a sodium of 144 mEq/L and a raised serum bicarbonate, without taking a diuretic. Which condition is most likely?

1. ACentral diabetes insipidus
2. BPrimary adrenal insufficiency
3. CSyndrome of inappropriate ADH
4. DPrimary hyperaldosteronism