实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Chronic kidney disease is usually defined by an eGFR below which value for more than 3 months?

1. A60 mL/min/1.73 m²
2. B120 mL/min/1.73 m²
3. C15 mL/min/1.73 m²
4. D90 mL/min/1.73 m²

A urine dipstick is positive for nitrites. What does this most likely show?

1. ARed blood cells leaking from the glomeruli
2. BGlucose spilling into the urine from high blood levels
3. CBacteria in the urine that convert nitrate to nitrite
4. DKetones produced from fat breakdown in fasting

Thrombocytopenia is usually defined as a platelet count below:

1. A450 × 10³/µL (450 × 10⁹/L)
2. B15 × 10³/µL (15 × 10⁹/L)
3. C150 × 10³/µL (150 × 10⁹/L)
4. D1,000 × 10³/µL (1,000 × 10⁹/L)

A patient taking phenazopyridine for bladder pain has bright orange urine. What should the nurse know about urine tests?

1. AThe color proves blood is present in the urine
2. BThe drug improves the accuracy of all dipsticks
3. CThe color shows severe liver failure is present
4. DThe dye can interfere with dipstick color readings

During a red cell transfusion, when are serious acute reactions most likely, so the nurse stays with the patient?

1. AThe next morning
2. BAfter about 2 hours
3. CAfter the last drop is given
4. DIn the first 15 minutes

A healthy patient has a mildly raised CK after running a marathon yesterday, without dark urine or symptoms. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AStrenuous exercise raised CK from skeletal muscle
2. BThe patient has developed acute pancreatitis
3. CAn acute myocardial infarction has occurred
4. DThe patient has developed acute hepatitis

一名酒精使用障碍的患者尽管补钾两天，钾仍为 3.0 mEq/L。镁为 0.9 mEq/L。最恰当的下一步是什么？

1. A补镁；低镁使肾脏持续丢失钾
2. B给予利尿剂排出过多的镁
3. C将钾剂量加倍，镁留到以后再补
4. D停止所有电解质补充 24 小时后再复查

一名患者 24 小时前大量过量服用对乙酰氨基酚（扑热息痛）。最预期出现哪些实验室改变？

1. A肌钙蛋白高而 ALT 正常
2. B白细胞计数低而肝功能检查正常
3. CALT 和 AST 低，INR 低
4. DALT 和 AST 非常高，INR 上升