实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

哪项发现是高血清镁的典型表现？

1. A反射亢进和肌肉抽搐
2. B强烈的口渴
3. C袖带充气时出现腕痉挛
4. D深腱反射减弱或消失

Which laboratory test is traditionally used to adjust a continuous infusion of unfractionated heparin?

1. AActivated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
2. BErythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
3. CInternational normalized ratio (INR)
4. DPlatelet function assay (PFA-100 test)

What is the purpose of a type and crossmatch before a transfusion?

1. ATo test the donor blood for bacterial contamination only
2. BTo check that donor blood is compatible with the patient's blood
3. CTo find out how quickly the patient's blood forms a clot
4. DTo measure how much iron is stored in the patient's bone marrow

A patient on hemodialysis has an arteriovenous (AV) fistula in the left arm. Where should the nurse draw routine blood samples?

1. AFrom the left hand
2. BFrom the left wrist
3. CFrom the fistula
4. DFrom the right arm

一名该服地高辛的患者钾为 3.1 mEq/L。为什么这个结果很重要？

1. A低钾使地高辛无效，所以应将剂量加倍
2. B低钾增加地高辛中毒的风险
3. C钾与地高辛没有相互作用
4. D低钾可保护心脏免受地高辛副作用的影响

哪个因素最可能使患者的血锂水平升高？

1. A每次随餐服药而不是餐前服药
2. B脱水或钠摄入突然减少
3. C连续几天比平时多吃盐
4. D在炎热天气比平时多喝液体

A patient on lithium has had vomiting and diarrhea for 3 days and has been taking ibuprofen. They now have a coarse tremor and confusion. The lithium level is 2.2 mEq/L. What is the best interpretation and action?

1. AIbuprofen side effects only; give it with food
2. BA low level; ask for the lithium dose to be raised
3. CA normal level; continue lithium as prescribed
4. DLithium toxicity; hold lithium and report urgently

A patient taking an SGLT2 inhibitor has nausea and fast breathing. Glucose 190 mg/dL (10.5 mmol/L), pH 7.15, bicarbonate 10 mEq/L, blood ketones high. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. AEuglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis
2. BHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
3. CRespiratory acidosis from COPD
4. DSimple fasting ketosis only