实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Which substance contributes most to normal serum osmolality?

1. APlasma albumin
2. BSodium and its anions
3. CGlucose in plasma
4. DUrea (from BUN)

对于钠和钾，1 mEq/L 与 1 mmol/L 相比如何？

1. A对这些离子来说，1 mEq/L 等于 0.5 mmol/L
2. B两者相等，因为每个离子带一个电荷
3. C对这些离子来说，1 mEq/L 等于 2 mmol/L
4. D无法比较，因为它们测量的是不同的东西

What is the main effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the kidneys?

1. AMore water is reabsorbed, so urine is concentrated
2. BMore potassium is reabsorbed, so the serum potassium rises
3. CMore water is excreted, so the urine becomes dilute
4. DMore glucose is excreted, so the urine contains sugar

哪种心电图改变与低钙血症有关？

1. AT 波高尖
2. B明显的 delta 波
3. CQT 间期缩短
4. DQT 间期延长

A patient with hyponatremia from SIADH starts tolvaptan. Why is the serum sodium checked frequently in the first day?

1. AThe drug causes severe hyperkalemia
2. BThe sodium can rise too quickly
3. CThe sodium always falls further
4. DThe drug lowers blood glucose sharply

After surgery for colon cancer, a patient's CEA had fallen to normal, but it has been rising over the last two checks. What does this most likely suggest?

1. AA sign of iron deficiency from the earlier bleeding
2. BA sure sign that the cancer has been fully cured
3. CPossible recurrence that needs further assessment
4. DA normal change after surgery that needs no follow-up

A patient with cirrhosis and ascites has fever and abdominal tenderness. The ascitic fluid neutrophil count is 400 cells/mm³. What does this indicate?

1. ANormal ascitic fluid in cirrhosis
2. BBleeding into the abdominal cavity
3. CSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis
4. DMalignant ascites from cancer

A patient with right upper abdominal pain from gallstones now has jaundice, a total bilirubin of 4.8 mg/dL (82 µmol/L) and a raised ALP. What is the most likely cause?

1. AGilbert syndrome triggered by pain
2. BHemolysis caused by the gallstones
3. CUncomplicated gallbladder inflammation
4. DA stone blocking the common bile duct