实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

What is the typical range of urine pH?

1. AAbout 9.0–11.0
2. BAbout 7.35–7.45
3. CAbout 4.5–8.0
4. DAbout 1.0–2.0

血清地高辛常被引用的治疗范围是多少？

1. A约 0.5–2.0 ng/mL
2. B约 20–40 ng/mL
3. C约 0.05–0.2 ng/mL
4. D约 10–20 ng/mL

What is the main effect of aldosterone on the kidneys?

1. ACalcium is retained and phosphate is excreted
2. BSodium is excreted and potassium is retained
3. CGlucose is retained and urea is excreted
4. DSodium is retained and potassium is excreted

An older adult takes lisinopril and furosemide and recently started daily ibuprofen for knee pain. The creatinine has risen from 1.0 to 1.8 mg/dL (88 to 159 µmol/L). What is the most likely cause?

1. AThe NSAID reduces kidney blood flow on top of the other two drugs
2. BNormal aging of the kidneys over a period of a few weeks
3. CA laboratory error, since ibuprofen has no effect on the kidney
4. DMore activity has increased the patient's muscle mass quickly

A patient has macrocytic anemia with numbness and tingling of the feet and poor balance. Which deficiency is most likely?

1. AVitamin B₁₂
2. BVitamin C (ascorbic acid)
3. CIron (low ferritin)
4. DFolate (folic acid)

为什么慢性肾脏病患者常有贫血？

1. A肾脏产生的促红细胞生成素减少，而它驱动红细胞的生成
2. B肾病时的高钾使红细胞破裂
3. C尿毒症毒素使骨髓生成白细胞而不是红细胞
4. D受损的肾脏过滤并破坏红细胞

Ten minutes into a red cell transfusion, a patient develops fever, chills, low back pain and dark urine. After stopping the transfusion, what should the nurse do next?

1. ADiscard the blood bag and tubing in the clinical waste to stop exposure
2. BKeep the IV open with normal saline using new tubing and call the provider
3. CRestart the transfusion more slowly after giving an antipyretic drug
4. DFlush the remaining blood through the line with the IV fluid to finish it

A patient has fever, confusion, a platelet count of 15 × 10³/µL, anemia with fragmented red cells (schistocytes) and a raised creatinine. Clotting times are normal. Which condition should be suspected?

1. AImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
2. BThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
3. CDisseminated intravascular coagulation
4. DVitamin K deficiency with bleeding