实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

What is the main effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the kidneys?

1. AMore glucose is excreted, so the urine contains sugar
2. BMore water is excreted, so the urine becomes dilute
3. CMore water is reabsorbed, so urine is concentrated
4. DMore potassium is reabsorbed, so the serum potassium rises

血清渗透压的典型参考范围是多少？

1. A约 400–500 mOsm/kg
2. B约 135–145 mOsm/kg
3. C约 50–100 mOsm/kg
4. D约 275–295 mOsm/kg

Which sample is commonly used to screen a patient for MRSA carriage on admission?

1. AA blood culture from one arm
2. BA clean-catch midstream urine sample
3. CA swab from the front of the nose
4. DA sample of stool sent for culture

Apart from the lithium level, which tests are monitored regularly in long-term lithium therapy?

1. ALiver enzymes and serum amylase
2. BTroponin and creatine kinase (CK)
3. CKidney function and thyroid function
4. DINR and the platelet count

A patient with central diabetes insipidus starts desmopressin. Which laboratory result is most important to monitor for an adverse effect?

1. ASerum potassium, which may rise too high
2. BSerum sodium, which may fall too low
3. CSerum calcium, which may rise too high
4. DSerum glucose, which may rise very high

A patient has taken a proton pump inhibitor (such as omeprazole) for many years and now has muscle cramps and tremor. Which electrolyte is most likely to be low?

1. AMagnesium
2. BSodium
3. CChloride
4. DPhosphate

哪种结果模式符合 SIADH？

1. A血清钠低、血清渗透压低、尿液浓缩
2. B血清钠高、血清渗透压高、尿液非常稀
3. C血清钠低、血清渗透压高、尿液稀
4. D钠正常，尿液非常稀

A middle-aged man has fatigue, joint pain, a raised ALT and new diabetes. His ferritin is very high and his transferrin saturation is above 60%. Which condition is most likely?

1. AIron-deficiency anemia
2. BAnemia of chronic disease
3. CAcute viral hepatitis A
4. DHereditary hemochromatosis