实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

What does a "culture and sensitivity" test of a sample show?

1. AWhich organism grows and which antibiotics work on it
2. BThe amount of antibiotic in the patient's blood
3. CHow many white cells are present in the sample
4. DWhether the patient is allergic to an antibiotic

A urine dipstick is positive for leukocyte esterase. What does this show?

1. AWhite blood cells are present in the urine
2. BRed blood cells are present in the urine
3. CBilirubin is being passed in the urine
4. DProtein is leaking through the glomeruli

What is a typical reference range for the prothrombin time (PT) in a person not taking anticoagulants?

1. AAbout 11–13.5 seconds
2. BAbout 3–5 minutes
3. CAbout 2–4 seconds
4. DAbout 60–90 seconds

A patient with sepsis has a lactate of 2.1 mmol/L on admission and 4.3 mmol/L two hours later, despite IV fluids. What does this suggest?

1. AExpected muscle activity from shivering in fever
2. BA normal response to IV fluids in the first hours
3. CWorsening tissue perfusion that needs urgent reporting
4. DImproving circulation as the fluids start to work

A patient has a calcium of 7.0 mg/dL (1.75 mmol/L) and tingling around the mouth. Which nursing measure is most appropriate?

1. APut seizure precautions in place and report the result
2. BEncourage 3 L of fluid per day to dilute the calcium
3. CPromote walking to move calcium back into the bone
4. DLimit dairy products until the level falls again

对于出现意识模糊和扑翼样震颤的严重肝病患者，哪项实验室数值最能反映原因？

1. A血清氨升高
2. B仅血清钾降低
3. C肌钙蛋白升高
4. D血清脂肪酶降低

A patient has marked generalized edema. Results show heavy proteinuria, serum albumin 1.8 g/dL (18 g/L) and total cholesterol 340 mg/dL (8.8 mmol/L). Which condition fits best?

1. AAcute pyelonephritis
2. BPrerenal kidney injury
3. CLiver cirrhosis only
4. DNephrotic syndrome

The nurse teaches a patient who is collecting a 24-hour urine sample at home. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"If I forget to save one void, I'll just carry on to the end"
2. B"I'll ask whether any foods or drugs should be avoided first"
3. C"I'll keep the container cool as the laboratory told me to"
4. D"I'll empty my bladder at the end time and add that urine"