实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

What is a typical reference range for the hematocrit in an adult woman?

1. AAbout 20–28%
2. BAbout 35–45%
3. CAbout 55–65%
4. DAbout 10–15%

What is the effect of insulin on serum potassium?

1. AIt makes the kidneys keep more potassium in the blood
2. BIt moves potassium into cells, lowering the serum level
3. CIt has no effect on potassium in any amount
4. DIt moves potassium out of cells, raising the serum level

成人血尿素氮（BUN）的典型参考范围是多少？

1. A约 135–145 mg/dL（尿素 48–52 mmol/L）
2. B约 7–20 mg/dL（尿素 2.5–7.1 mmol/L）
3. C约 0.6–1.2 mg/dL（尿素 0.2–0.4 mmol/L）
4. D约 70–99 mg/dL（尿素 25–35 mmol/L）

A patient receives repeated nebulized albuterol (salbutamol) for severe asthma. Which laboratory change should the nurse watch for?

1. AA fall in serum potassium
2. BA fall in blood glucose
3. CA rise in serum calcium
4. DA rise in serum sodium

A patient has a calcium of 7.0 mg/dL (1.75 mmol/L) and tingling around the mouth. Which nursing measure is most appropriate?

1. APromote walking to move calcium back into the bone
2. BPut seizure precautions in place and report the result
3. CEncourage 3 L of fluid per day to dilute the calcium
4. DLimit dairy products until the level falls again

Why must a blue-top (citrate) coagulation tube be filled to the correct level?

1. AThe laboratory charges extra when a tube is not filled correctly
2. BUnderfilled tubes always give a falsely low hemoglobin and hematocrit
3. CAn overfull tube is needed to measure the potassium level
4. DThe blood-to-anticoagulant ratio must be right for accurate clotting times

一名患者总钙为 7.9 mg/dL（2.0 mmol/L），白蛋白为 2.4 g/dL（24 g/L），无症状。哪项检查最能澄清是否存在真正的低钙血症？

1. AHbA1c
2. B离子钙
3. C尿比重
4. D血清钠

A patient's AST is about twice the ALT, both moderately raised, and the GGT is high. Which cause is most likely?

1. AAcute viral hepatitis A
2. BAlcohol-related liver disease
3. CGallstone blocking the bile duct
4. DAcute myocardial infarction