实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Where are urinary casts formed?

1. AIn the ureters
2. BIn the kidney tubules
3. CIn the urinary bladder
4. DIn the urethra

How does dehydration usually affect the hematocrit?

1. AIt makes it zero
2. BIt raises it
3. CIt lowers it
4. DIt has no effect

Below about which blood glucose level is hypoglycemia usually defined and treated in a person with diabetes?

1. A126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L)
2. B70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L)
3. C100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L)
4. D40 mg/dL (2.2 mmol/L)

A test has very high sensitivity for a disease. What does a negative result mean?

1. AThe disease is unlikely, so it helps rule it out
2. BThe disease is certain, so treatment should begin
3. CThe result cannot be used, because sensitivity is high
4. DThe patient must have a different disease instead

A patient starts high-dose prednisone. Which laboratory change should the nurse expect?

1. AA fall in serum sodium
2. BA rise in serum potassium
3. CA fall in the white cell count
4. DA rise in blood glucose

A patient has taken a proton pump inhibitor (such as omeprazole) for many years and now has muscle cramps and tremor. Which electrolyte is most likely to be low?

1. AMagnesium
2. BChloride
3. CSodium
4. DPhosphate

A patient with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis has a hemoglobin of 10.5 g/dL (105 g/L), a low serum iron, a low total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and a high-normal ferritin. Which condition fits best?

1. AVitamin B₁₂ deficiency anemia
2. BAcute blood loss anemia
3. CIron-deficiency anemia
4. DAnemia of chronic disease (inflammation)

A patient with a heart murmur and fever has three sets of blood cultures, taken hours apart, all growing the same Streptococcus species. What does this suggest?

1. AA normal finding in patients with heart murmurs
2. BContamination of all three samples during collection
3. CPersistent bacteremia, as in infective endocarditis
4. DA urinary tract infection that has spread to the skin