实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

What is the purpose of a type and crossmatch before a transfusion?

1. ATo test the donor blood for bacterial contamination only
2. BTo check that donor blood is compatible with the patient's blood
3. CTo find out how quickly the patient's blood forms a clot
4. DTo measure how much iron is stored in the patient's bone marrow

Using American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria, which HbA1c range is classed as prediabetes?

1. A5.7–6.4% (39–47 mmol/mol)
2. B6.5–7.5% (48–58 mmol/mol)
3. C4.0–5.6% (20–38 mmol/mol)
4. D8.0–9.0% (64–75 mmol/mol)

哪种心电图改变是低钾血症的典型表现？

1. AT 波高尖和 QRS 增宽
2. Bdelta 波和 PR 间期缩短
3. CT 波低平和 U 波明显
4. D相邻两个或多个导联 ST 段抬高

A patient with an upper gastrointestinal bleed has a BUN of 48 mg/dL (urea 17 mmol/L) and a normal creatinine. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ASkeletal muscle is breaking down because of the blood loss
2. BDigested blood adds protein, which the liver turns into urea
3. CThe liver has stopped making urea because of the bleeding
4. DThe kidneys have suddenly lost most of their function

A patient takes low-dose methotrexate weekly for rheumatoid arthritis. Which laboratory tests are monitored regularly?

1. ATroponin, creatine kinase and myoglobin
2. BSerum lithium, sodium and urine specific gravity
3. CComplete blood count, liver tests and kidney function
4. DSerum amylase, lipase and blood ketones

A patient has a calcium of 11.8 mg/dL (2.95 mmol/L) from bone metastases. Which nursing measure is appropriate?

1. AEncourage bed rest and limit oral fluids
2. BEncourage fluids and mobility as tolerated
3. CGive calcium carbonate antacids for nausea
4. DOffer extra milk and cheese at each meal

A patient with diabetes had a glucose of 58 mg/dL (3.2 mmol/L), took 15 g of fast-acting carbohydrate and, 15 minutes later, the glucose is 64 mg/dL (3.6 mmol/L). The patient is alert. What should the nurse do next?

1. AGive a protein snack only and recheck tomorrow
2. BGive a long-acting insulin dose to stabilize it
3. CGive another 15 g of fast carbohydrate and recheck
4. DWait until the next meal before giving anything

A patient on long-term amiodarone has fatigue and weight gain. TSH is 11 mIU/L and the free T₄ is low. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AAmiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism
2. BSecondary hypothyroidism from pituitary failure
3. CAmiodarone-induced hypothyroidism
4. DA normal response to amiodarone needing no action