实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

A raised neutrophil count (neutrophilia) is most typical of:

1. AVitamin B₁₂ deficiency
2. BA mild viral cold
3. CAcute bacterial infection
4. DHay fever and asthma

What is the main role of platelets?

1. ATo produce antibodies against bacteria and viruses
2. BTo form a plug at the site of vessel injury
3. CTo carry oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
4. DTo break down old red cells in the spleen

What does the specificity of a diagnostic test describe?

1. AThe proportion of people with the disease who test positive
2. BThe proportion of people without the disease who test negative
3. CThe cost of the test compared with other tests
4. DThe total number of people who take the test each year

On the first day after major surgery, a patient's white cell count is 12.5 × 10³/µL, with no fever or wound signs. What is the best interpretation?

1. AA common stress response to surgery that is monitored
2. BA laboratory error, since surgery lowers white cells
3. CA sign of leukemia that needs bone marrow testing
4. DDefinite wound infection that needs antibiotics now

A patient had a total gastrectomy. Which long-term therapy is needed to prevent anemia?

1. ALifelong vitamin B₁₂ replacement
2. BWeekly doses of oral vitamin K tablets
3. CMonthly transfusions of red blood cells
4. DLifelong oral folic acid tablets only

A patient is starting dabigatran, a direct oral anticoagulant. Which laboratory test is most important to review before the first dose?

1. ALipase, to rule out an inflamed pancreas first
2. BINR, to set the dose of the anticoagulant
3. CTSH, to rule out an overactive thyroid gland
4. DKidney function (creatinine clearance)

A patient has a hemoglobin of 11.2 g/dL (112 g/L), an MCV of 64 fL, a normal ferritin and a normal-to-high red cell count. What is the most likely cause?

1. AThalassemia trait
2. BVitamin B₁₂ deficiency
3. CIron deficiency
4. DAcute blood loss

A patient's creatinine was 0.9 mg/dL (80 µmol/L) on admission and is 1.3 mg/dL (115 µmol/L) 36 hours later. Using the common KDIGO criteria, what does this show?

1. AChronic kidney disease, because creatinine has risen above baseline
2. BNo kidney injury, because the creatinine is still within the normal range
3. CAcute kidney injury, because it rose by at least 0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours
4. DA laboratory error, because creatinine cannot change within 2 days