实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Which laboratory test is used to diagnose sickle cell disease?

1. AErythrocyte sedimentation rate
2. BHemoglobin electrophoresis
3. CSerum ferritin and transferrin saturation
4. DProthrombin time with INR

成人血小板计数的典型参考范围是多少？

1. A约 4.5–11 × 10³/µL（4.5–11 × 10⁹/L）
2. B约 1000–2000 × 10³/µL（1000–2000 × 10⁹/L）
3. C约 12–16 × 10³/µL（12–16 × 10⁹/L）
4. D约 150–400 × 10³/µL（150–400 × 10⁹/L）

Which laboratory test best reflects the body's iron stores?

1. APlatelet count
2. BSerum ferritin
3. CSerum albumin
4. DSerum sodium

Which blood collection practice helps prevent hemolysis of the sample?

1. AGently inverting the tubes instead of shaking them
2. BForcing blood quickly through a needle into the tube
3. CLeaving the tourniquet on for at least 3 minutes
4. DUsing the smallest needle available for every patient

A patient takes high-dose furosemide. Besides potassium, which electrolyte is most commonly lowered?

1. AUric acid
2. BSodium bicarbonate
3. CMagnesium
4. DPhosphate

一名肝硬化患者白蛋白为 2.2 g/dL（22 g/L）。哪项发现与之最可能相关？

1. A高钾血症
2. B高血压
3. C水肿和腹水
4. D尿量增加

A patient has a hematocrit of 60% and a raised red cell mass. Which result suggests polycythemia vera rather than secondary polycythemia from chronic hypoxia?

1. AA low oxygen saturation
2. BA high carboxyhemoglobin
3. CA high erythropoietin level
4. DA low erythropoietin level

一名慢性肾脏病患者磷酸盐为 7.2 mg/dL（2.3 mmol/L）。哪项饮食指导最恰当？

1. A多喝可乐类软饮料以保持水分
2. B限制富含磷酸盐的食物，如加工食品和可乐
3. C空腹服用钙补充剂以代替结合剂
4. D增加牛奶和奶酪，以防止骨骼钙丢失