实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Which group of symptoms is linked to hypercalcemia ("stones, bones, groans and moans")?

1. AKidney stones, bone pain, abdominal pain and confusion
2. BHeat intolerance, tremor, weight loss and diarrhea
3. CJaundice, itching, pale stools and dark urine
4. DTetany, muscle cramps, tingling and seizures

In the US (NCEP ATP III) classification, which LDL cholesterol level is called optimal for an adult?

1. AAbout 190 mg/dL (4.9 mmol/L) or more
2. BAbout 220–260 mg/dL (5.7–6.7 mmol/L)
3. CAbout 160–189 mg/dL (4.1–4.9 mmol/L)
4. DBelow 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L)

What is a typical reference range for the prothrombin time (PT) in a person not taking anticoagulants?

1. AAbout 60–90 seconds
2. BAbout 11–13.5 seconds
3. CAbout 3–5 minutes
4. DAbout 2–4 seconds

慢性肾脏病患者应在何时服用醋酸钙或司维拉姆等磷结合剂？

1. A睡前空腹服用
2. B随餐服用
3. C每周仅一次
4. D仅在患者感觉不适时

A patient is scheduled for a liver biopsy. Which laboratory results should the nurse check before the procedure?

1. ATSH and free T₄
2. BHbA1c and lipid panel
3. CSerum sodium and chloride
4. DPlatelet count and PT/INR

Why must vitamin B₁₂ deficiency be ruled out before treating macrocytic anemia with folic acid alone?

1. AFolic acid makes B₁₂ deficiency anemia much worse within a few days
2. BFolic acid can fix the anemia while B₁₂-related nerve damage continues
3. CFolic acid causes iron overload when B₁₂ levels are low
4. DFolic acid blocks the absorption of all B₁₂ from the diet

A patient with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis has a hemoglobin of 10.5 g/dL (105 g/L), a low serum iron, a low total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and a high-normal ferritin. Which condition fits best?

1. AAnemia of chronic disease (inflammation)
2. BAcute blood loss anemia
3. CIron-deficiency anemia
4. DVitamin B₁₂ deficiency anemia

A stable patient's hemoglobin has been 13–14 g/dL for days. Today's result is 8.2 g/dL, but the patient feels well, the vital signs are normal and there is no bleeding. What should the nurse suspect first?

1. ASudden massive internal bleeding
2. BAcute bone marrow failure overnight
3. CA sample taken from the wrong patient
4. DA normal day-to-day variation in Hb