实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

What is the purpose of a type and crossmatch before a transfusion?

1. ATo test the donor blood for bacterial contamination only
2. BTo find out how quickly the patient's blood forms a clot
3. CTo measure how much iron is stored in the patient's bone marrow
4. DTo check that donor blood is compatible with the patient's blood

成人血小板计数的典型参考范围是多少？

1. A约 12–16 × 10³/µL（12–16 × 10⁹/L）
2. B约 150–400 × 10³/µL（150–400 × 10⁹/L）
3. C约 4.5–11 × 10³/µL（4.5–11 × 10⁹/L）
4. D约 1000–2000 × 10³/µL（1000–2000 × 10⁹/L）

细胞内液中的主要阳离子是哪种？

1. A钠
2. B钙
3. C钾
4. D氯

A patient takes valproate (valproic acid) for epilepsy. Which tests are monitored regularly?

1. ASerum lithium and urine specific gravity
2. BLiver function tests and platelet count
3. CTroponin and B-type natriuretic peptide
4. DThyroid function and serum calcium

A patient starts high-dose prednisone. Which laboratory change should the nurse expect?

1. AA rise in blood glucose
2. BA rise in serum potassium
3. CA fall in the white cell count
4. DA fall in serum sodium

A patient is starting atorvastatin. Which laboratory test is usually checked at baseline?

1. ASerum lipase
2. BBlood cultures
3. CThyroid antibodies
4. DLiver enzymes

A young woman with frequent self-induced vomiting has swollen salivary glands. Which laboratory pattern is most likely?

1. AHigh calcium, high phosphate and high glucose
2. BLow potassium, high bicarbonate and high amylase
3. CLow sodium, low bicarbonate and high lipase
4. DHigh potassium, low bicarbonate and low amylase

A 68-year-old man has fatigue, a hemoglobin of 9.8 g/dL (98 g/L), an MCV of 72 fL and a low ferritin. He eats a normal diet. What is the most important next step?

1. AGive iron and do no further tests at all
2. BRepeat the blood count in one year
3. CLook for a source of blood loss in the gut
4. DStart vitamin B₁₂ injections