实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

A tuberculin skin test (TST) is read as positive. What does this mean?

1. AThe person has never been exposed to TB bacteria
2. BThe person definitely has active, contagious pulmonary TB
3. CThe person has been infected with TB bacteria at some point
4. DThe person is fully immune and can never develop TB

在呼吸困难的患者中，B 型利钠肽（BNP）升高最有力地支持哪种疾病？

1. A惊恐发作
2. B心力衰竭
3. C哮喘发作
4. D肺炎

一位老年人被发现倒在地上，已躺了许多小时。哪项血液检查最能显示骨骼肌的破坏（横纹肌溶解）？

1. A血清白蛋白
2. B肌酸激酶（CK）
3. C血清脂肪酶
4. D糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）

A patient has taken a proton pump inhibitor (such as omeprazole) for many years and now has muscle cramps and tremor. Which electrolyte is most likely to be low?

1. APhosphate
2. BMagnesium
3. CChloride
4. DSodium

在给予处方的静脉氯化钾之前，哪项评估最重要？

1. A双耳听力
2. B尿量和肾功能
3. C前臂皮肤弹性
4. D瞳孔大小和对光反应

Which instruction is correct for a patient taking an oral potassium chloride supplement?

1. AUse a salt substitute as well, so less of the tablet is needed each day
2. BTake it with food and a full glass of water, and do not crush extended-release tablets
3. CTake it on an empty stomach with only a small sip of water to speed absorption
4. DCrush the extended-release tablets and mix them with a little water if needed

A young woman with frequent self-induced vomiting has swollen salivary glands. Which laboratory pattern is most likely?

1. AHigh potassium, low bicarbonate and low amylase
2. BLow sodium, low bicarbonate and high lipase
3. CHigh calcium, high phosphate and high glucose
4. DLow potassium, high bicarbonate and high amylase

A patient with jaundice and nausea has a positive IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus (IgM anti-HAV). What does this show?

1. APast hepatitis B infection that has cleared
2. BChronic hepatitis A lasting many years
3. CA current or recent hepatitis A infection
4. DImmunity from hepatitis A vaccine long ago