实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

What is a typical adult reference range for serum bicarbonate (total CO₂) on a metabolic panel?

1. AAbout 35–45 mEq/L
2. BAbout 22–28 mEq/L
3. CAbout 98–106 mEq/L
4. DAbout 8–12 mEq/L

Which laboratory test is traditionally used to adjust a continuous infusion of unfractionated heparin?

1. AActivated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
2. BPlatelet function assay (PFA-100 test)
3. CErythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
4. DInternational normalized ratio (INR)

The HbA1c reflects the average blood glucose over about which period?

1. AThe past 1–2 weeks
2. BThe past 2–3 months
3. CThe past 1–2 years
4. DThe past 24 hours

一名服用地高辛的患者血药水平为 2.8 ng/mL，心率 52 次/分。护士最好的措施是什么？

1. A给药，一个月后复查血药水平
2. B给予双倍剂量以纠正心律
3. C暂停该剂量并通知开医嘱者
4. D给药，因为心率高于 50 次/分

一名一小时前开始胸痛的患者首次肌钙蛋白正常。正确的解释是什么？

1. A已排除心肌梗死，因此不需要再检测肌钙蛋白
2. B肌钙蛋白对胸痛患者没有用
3. C不能排除心肌梗死；应按规程重复检测肌钙蛋白
4. D患者可以立即出院回家

慢性肾脏病患者应在何时服用醋酸钙或司维拉姆等磷结合剂？

1. A仅在患者感觉不适时
2. B随餐服用
3. C睡前空腹服用
4. D每周仅一次

A patient's creatinine was 0.9 mg/dL (80 µmol/L) on admission and is 1.3 mg/dL (115 µmol/L) 36 hours later. Using the common KDIGO criteria, what does this show?

1. AChronic kidney disease, because creatinine has risen above baseline
2. BNo kidney injury, because the creatinine is still within the normal range
3. CAcute kidney injury, because it rose by at least 0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours
4. DA laboratory error, because creatinine cannot change within 2 days

一名营养不良的患者重新开始进食，第 3 天磷酸盐为 1.2 mg/dL（0.39 mmol/L），伴肌无力和气短。主要风险是什么？

1. A细胞释放钾引起高钾血症
2. B体重快速增加，但没有严重危险
3. C骨骼释放钙引起肾结石
4. D低磷导致呼吸肌无力和心力衰竭