实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

免费可打印的实验室检查值与电解质练习卷：8 道题，从简单到考试水平，附答案。可打印或另存为 PDF。

新练习卷在线练习，附提示

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姓名: ____________________   日期: ____________

1.简单

What does a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) show?

  1. AInflammation somewhere in the body, without showing where
  2. BA low level of iron stored in the bone marrow
  3. CA specific infection of the urinary tract by bacteria
  4. DDamage to heart muscle within the past few hours
2.简单

Which group of symptoms is linked to hypercalcemia ("stones, bones, groans and moans")?

  1. AHeat intolerance, tremor, weight loss and diarrhea
  2. BJaundice, itching, pale stools and dark urine
  3. CKidney stones, bone pain, abdominal pain and confusion
  4. DTetany, muscle cramps, tingling and seizures
3.简单

成人血小板计数的典型参考范围是多少？

  1. A约 150–400 × 10³/µL（150–400 × 10⁹/L）
  2. B约 1000–2000 × 10³/µL（1000–2000 × 10⁹/L）
  3. C约 12–16 × 10³/µL（12–16 × 10⁹/L）
  4. D约 4.5–11 × 10³/µL（4.5–11 × 10⁹/L）
4.中等

A patient is starting dabigatran, a direct oral anticoagulant. Which laboratory test is most important to review before the first dose?

  1. ATSH, to rule out an overactive thyroid gland
  2. BINR, to set the dose of the anticoagulant
  3. CKidney function (creatinine clearance)
  4. DLipase, to rule out an inflamed pancreas first
5.中等

一名已呕吐两天的患者 BUN 为 32 mg/dL（尿素 11.4 mmol/L），肌酐正常。最可能的原因是什么？

  1. A脱水
  2. B水过多
  3. C肝衰竭
  4. D低蛋白饮食
6.中等

A patient takes high-dose furosemide. Besides potassium, which electrolyte is most commonly lowered?

  1. AUric acid
  2. BMagnesium
  3. CSodium bicarbonate
  4. DPhosphate
7.困难

A patient recovering from acute tubular necrosis now passes 4–5 L of urine a day. Which electrolyte changes should the nurse watch for?

  1. ALow potassium and low sodium from urine losses
  2. BHigh calcium and high phosphate from bone loss
  3. CHigh potassium and high sodium from retention
  4. DNo changes, because the kidneys are now normal
8.困难

A 68-year-old man has fatigue, a hemoglobin of 9.8 g/dL (98 g/L), an MCV of 72 fL and a low ferritin. He eats a normal diet. What is the most important next step?

  1. AStart vitamin B12 injections
  2. BRepeat the blood count in one year
  3. CGive iron and do no further tests at all
  4. DLook for a source of blood loss in the gut

答案

  1. 1. A · Inflammation somewhere in the body, without showing where
  2. 2. C · Kidney stones, bone pain, abdominal pain and confusion
  3. 3. A · 约 150–400 × 10³/µL（150–400 × 10⁹/L）
  4. 4. C · Kidney function (creatinine clearance)
  5. 5. A · 脱水
  6. 6. B · Magnesium
  7. 7. A · Low potassium and low sodium from urine losses
  8. 8. D · Look for a source of blood loss in the gut

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