实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Which blood group is the universal donor for red blood cells in an emergency?

1. AGroup AB, Rh positive
2. BGroup A, Rh negative
3. CGroup B, Rh positive
4. DGroup O, Rh negative

Which blood test is the usual measure of a person's vitamin D status?

1. ASerum phosphate
2. B25-hydroxyvitamin D
3. CParathyroid hormone
4. D1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D

哪项实验室检查在急性胰腺炎时最典型地升高？

1. A血清肌钙蛋白
2. B血清白蛋白
3. C糖化血红蛋白
4. D血清脂肪酶

A patient with chronic kidney disease receives an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent such as epoetin alfa. Which assessments are most important?

1. AHemoglobin and blood pressure
2. BSerum glucose and ketones
3. CLiver enzymes and bilirubin
4. DSerum amylase and lipase

A patient has a calcium of 11.8 mg/dL (2.95 mmol/L) from bone metastases. Which nursing measure is appropriate?

1. AOffer extra milk and cheese at each meal
2. BEncourage fluids and mobility as tolerated
3. CGive calcium carbonate antacids for nausea
4. DEncourage bed rest and limit oral fluids

A patient with a potassium of 2.8 mEq/L has potassium chloride prescribed IV. Which statement about giving it is correct?

1. AIt is added to the IV bag without mixing, so it stays at the bottom
2. BIt may be given as a slow IV push over one minute if the level is very low
3. CIt is given as an undiluted bolus into a large vein to avoid irritation
4. DIt is always diluted and given by infusion pump, never as an IV push

A patient using an insulin pump has a glucose of 300 mg/dL (16.7 mmol/L) that has not fallen 2 hours after a correction bolus through the pump. Blood ketones are 1.8 mmol/L. What is the most likely problem and action?

1. AInsulin delivery failure; inject a correction dose by pen and change the set
2. BInsulin overdose from the pump; suspend the pump and stop all insulin for a day
3. CNormal pump function; wait for the next mealtime bolus to lower the glucose
4. DRebound after a hypo; give fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck in 15 minutes

A woman who is 34 weeks pregnant has high blood pressure, right upper abdominal pain, a platelet count of 70 × 10³/µL, raised ALT and AST, and a raised LDH. Which condition fits best?

1. APhysiologic anemia of pregnancy
2. BGestational diabetes
3. CAcute cholecystitis
4. DHELLP syndrome