实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Which sample is commonly used to screen a patient for MRSA carriage on admission?

1. AA clean-catch midstream urine sample
2. BA swab from the front of the nose
3. CA blood culture from one arm
4. DA sample of stool sent for culture

Which laboratory test is used to monitor warfarin therapy?

1. APlatelet count
2. BD-dimer
3. CPT with INR
4. DaPTT

What is the main purpose of a Gram stain?

1. ATo sort bacteria quickly into gram-positive or negative
2. BTo measure exactly how many bacteria are in the blood
3. CTo detect viruses in a sample of respiratory secretions
4. DTo test which antibiotics a bacterium is sensitive to

一名因房颤服用华法林的患者 INR 为 5.2，无出血。护士最好的措施是什么？

1. A暂停华法林剂量并通知开医嘱者
2. B给予双倍剂量
3. C给予通常的剂量，一个月后复查
4. D建议患者从今天起不再吃绿叶蔬菜

静脉注射葡萄糖酸钙如何帮助重度高钾血症患者？

1. A使钾从血液转移到细胞内
2. B在肠道中结合钾，使其随粪便排出
3. C增加肾脏对钾的排泄
4. D稳定心肌细胞膜，但不降低钾

A patient's potassium is unexpectedly 5.8 mEq/L. The sample was taken after the tourniquet was on for several minutes while the patient pumped their fist. What is the best interpretation?

1. AThe result confirms true hyperkalemia and needs no further checking
2. BFist pumping lowers potassium, so the true level is even higher
3. CTourniquet time affects only the glucose result, not the potassium
4. DThe result may be falsely high and should be repeated with better technique

一名服用华法林、INR 稳定在 2.4 的患者开始使用环丙沙星等抗生素疗程。一周后 INR 为 4.6。最可能的解释是什么？

1. A患者吃了更多富含维生素 K 的食物
2. B抗生素治愈了患者对抗凝的需要
3. C增强华法林作用的药物相互作用
4. D唯一可能的解释是实验室误差

Which set of results best shows that diabetic ketoacidosis is resolving?

1. AA closing anion gap with a rising bicarbonate and pH
2. BA falling glucose with a still widening anion gap
3. CA rising potassium with a falling bicarbonate
4. DA falling glucose with a falling serum bicarbonate