实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Which drug commonly causes a low serum potassium?

1. AFurosemide
2. BSpironolactone
3. CAmiloride
4. DLisinopril

In a person with HIV infection, a CD4 count below which level defines AIDS?

1. A500 cells/µL
2. B1,000 cells/µL
3. C200 cells/µL
4. D50 cells/µL

Where does most of the ammonia in the blood come from, and which organ removes it?

1. AFat breakdown in adipose tissue; removed by the lungs
2. BGlucose breakdown in muscle; removed by the pancreas
3. CRed cell breakdown in the spleen; removed by the skin
4. DProtein breakdown by gut bacteria; removed by the liver

Which instruction is correct for a patient taking an oral potassium chloride supplement?

1. ACrush the extended-release tablets and mix them with a little water if needed
2. BUse a salt substitute as well, so less of the tablet is needed each day
3. CTake it on an empty stomach with only a small sip of water to speed absorption
4. DTake it with food and a full glass of water, and do not crush extended-release tablets

A patient is on an IV insulin infusion protocol in the ICU. How often is the blood glucose usually checked?

1. AOnce every 12 hours
2. BOnly if symptoms occur
3. CAbout every hour
4. DOnce a day before breakfast

In the US, when is a pregnant woman without known risk factors usually screened for gestational diabetes?

1. AAt about 24–28 weeks of pregnancy
2. BOnly after the baby is born
3. CAt about 6–8 weeks of pregnancy
4. DAt about 38–40 weeks of pregnancy

一名服用华法林、INR 稳定在 2.4 的患者开始使用环丙沙星等抗生素疗程。一周后 INR 为 4.6。最可能的解释是什么？

1. A抗生素治愈了患者对抗凝的需要
2. B增强华法林作用的药物相互作用
3. C唯一可能的解释是实验室误差
4. D患者吃了更多富含维生素 K 的食物

一名患者 24 小时前大量过量服用对乙酰氨基酚（扑热息痛）。最预期出现哪些实验室改变？

1. AALT 和 AST 低，INR 低
2. B肌钙蛋白高而 ALT 正常
3. C白细胞计数低而肝功能检查正常
4. DALT 和 AST 非常高，INR 上升