实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Why is prealbumin (transthyretin) sometimes used to follow a patient's nutritional status instead of albumin?

1. AIt has a short half-life, so it changes within days
2. BIt is measured in urine, so no blood test is needed
3. CIt is not affected by inflammation or liver disease
4. DIt has a long half-life, so it changes over months

In the US (NCEP ATP III) classification, which total cholesterol level is called desirable for an adult?

1. AAbove 240 mg/dL (6.2 mmol/L)
2. BBelow 300 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L)
3. CBetween 250 and 300 mg/dL (6.5–7.8 mmol/L)
4. DBelow 200 mg/dL (5.2 mmol/L)

What is the typical range of urine pH?

1. AAbout 9.0–11.0
2. BAbout 7.35–7.45
3. CAbout 1.0–2.0
4. DAbout 4.5–8.0

一名患者的血红蛋白为 7.8 g/dL（78 g/L）。护士预期会有哪些发现？

1. A心率慢、皮肤潮红和血压高
2. B瘙痒、皮肤发黄和尿色深
3. C疲劳、苍白、心率快和活动时呼吸急促
4. D头痛、鼻出血和面色发红

A patient takes valproate (valproic acid) for epilepsy. Which tests are monitored regularly?

1. ALiver function tests and platelet count
2. BThyroid function and serum calcium
3. CSerum lithium and urine specific gravity
4. DTroponin and B-type natriuretic peptide

A patient with suspected pulmonary TB needs sputum samples for acid-fast bacilli. Which instruction is correct?

1. AGive several samples of nasal mucus blown into a tissue
2. BGive one sample of saliva collected from the mouth at any time of day
3. CGive several deep-cough samples, often first thing in the morning
4. DGive one sample after brushing with mouthwash so it is clean

一名心力衰竭患者入院时 BNP 很高，在利尿治疗后正在下降。这最可能说明什么？

1. A心力衰竭加重，需要更多液体
2. B心脏的牵拉减轻，与病情改善相符
3. C利尿剂引起新的肾衰竭
4. D必须立即停用利尿剂

A patient with a stable INR on warfarin starts rifampin (rifampicin) for tuberculosis. Two weeks later the INR is 1.3. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ARifampin contains a lot of vitamin K
2. BRifampin speeds up warfarin metabolism
3. CTuberculosis causes the INR to fall
4. DRifampin raises the INR, so it is wrong