实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

What is the main effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the kidneys?

1. AMore water is reabsorbed, so urine is concentrated
2. BMore potassium is reabsorbed, so the serum potassium rises
3. CMore water is excreted, so the urine becomes dilute
4. DMore glucose is excreted, so the urine contains sugar

药物的“峰”浓度测量的是什么？

1. A药物产生毒性的水平
2. B给药后的最高血药浓度
3. C一周内的平均水平
4. D下一次给药前的最低血药浓度

成人血清钾的典型参考范围是多少？

1. A6.0–8.0 mEq/L
2. B3.5–5.0 mEq/L
3. C135–145 mEq/L
4. D1.3–2.1 mEq/L

A patient with sepsis has a lactate of 2.1 mmol/L on admission and 4.3 mmol/L two hours later, despite IV fluids. What does this suggest?

1. AA normal response to IV fluids in the first hours
2. BImproving circulation as the fluids start to work
3. CWorsening tissue perfusion that needs urgent reporting
4. DExpected muscle activity from shivering in fever

哪种治疗通过使钾进入细胞内来降低血清钾？

1. A静脉注射普通胰岛素并配合葡萄糖
2. B口服氯化钾补充剂
3. C在 10 分钟内静脉注射葡萄糖酸钙
4. D静脉输注 0.45% 氯化钠

For most hospitalized adults with diabetes who are critically ill, which glucose target range is commonly recommended?

1. AAbout 300–350 mg/dL (16.7–19.4 mmol/L)
2. BAbout 140–180 mg/dL (7.8–10 mmol/L)
3. CAbout 60–80 mg/dL (3.3–4.4 mmol/L)
4. DAbout 250–300 mg/dL (13.9–16.7 mmol/L)

A patient on stable digoxin starts amiodarone. A week later, the patient has nausea and visual changes, and the digoxin level is above the range. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ADigoxin has raised the amiodarone level
2. BAmiodarone has raised the digoxin level
3. CThe patient has started a viral illness
4. DAmiodarone has lowered potassium only

A patient with a serum albumin of 1.9 g/dL (19 g/L) has signs of phenytoin toxicity, although the total phenytoin level is in the usual range. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ALow albumin makes the liver clear phenytoin much faster
2. BLow albumin makes the total level falsely high in all cases
3. CLow albumin raises the free (active) fraction of phenytoin
4. DLow albumin stops phenytoin from crossing into the brain