1.简单
在呼吸困难的患者中,B 型利钠肽(BNP)升高最有力地支持哪种疾病?
- A惊恐发作
- B肺炎
- C哮喘发作
- D心力衰竭
2.简单
对于钠和钾,1 mEq/L 与 1 mmol/L 相比如何?
- A无法比较,因为它们测量的是不同的东西
- B对这些离子来说,1 mEq/L 等于 2 mmol/L
- C两者相等,因为每个离子带一个电荷
- D对这些离子来说,1 mEq/L 等于 0.5 mmol/L
3.简单
成人血尿素氮(BUN)的典型参考范围是多少?
- A约 7–20 mg/dL(尿素 2.5–7.1 mmol/L)
- B约 70–99 mg/dL(尿素 25–35 mmol/L)
- C约 0.6–1.2 mg/dL(尿素 0.2–0.4 mmol/L)
- D约 135–145 mg/dL(尿素 48–52 mmol/L)
4.中等
A patient takes high-dose furosemide. Besides potassium, which electrolyte is most commonly lowered?
- AMagnesium
- BPhosphate
- CSodium bicarbonate
- DUric acid
5.中等
一名使用肝素输注的患者 aPTT 为 110 秒;方案目标是对照值 30 秒的 1.5–2.5 倍。护士应怎么做?
- A保持不变,次日早晨再复查 aPTT
- B按处方给予维生素 K 并继续输注
- C遵循肝素方案,检查有无出血并通知医疗人员
- D加快输注速度,因为结果高于目标范围
6.中等
A patient taking empagliflozin (an SGLT2 inhibitor) has glucose in the urine but a normal blood glucose. What is the best interpretation?
- AA urinary tract infection
- BA sign of kidney failure
- CUncontrolled diabetes needing insulin
- DAn expected effect of the drug
7.困难
A 68-year-old man has fatigue, a hemoglobin of 9.8 g/dL (98 g/L), an MCV of 72 fL and a low ferritin. He eats a normal diet. What is the most important next step?
- ALook for a source of blood loss in the gut
- BGive iron and do no further tests at all
- CRepeat the blood count in one year
- DStart vitamin B12 injections
8.困难
护士应首先报告哪位患者的结果?
- A总胆固醇略高于目标
- B一名已知稳定 CKD 的患者肌酐 1.6 mg/dL(141 µmol/L)
- C一名出汗并意识模糊的患者血糖 42 mg/dL(2.3 mmol/L)
- D一名 2 型糖尿病患者 HbA1c 7.4%(57 mmol/mol)
答案
- 1. D · 心力衰竭
- 2. C · 两者相等,因为每个离子带一个电荷
- 3. A · 约 7–20 mg/dL(尿素 2.5–7.1 mmol/L)
- 4. A · Magnesium
- 5. C · 遵循肝素方案,检查有无出血并通知医疗人员
- 6. D · An expected effect of the drug
- 7. A · Look for a source of blood loss in the gut
- 8. C · 一名出汗并意识模糊的患者血糖 42 mg/dL(2.3 mmol/L)
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