实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

What is a typical reference range for the hematocrit in an adult woman?

1. AAbout 10–15%
2. BAbout 35–45%
3. CAbout 20–28%
4. DAbout 55–65%

A laboratory reports that a blood sample is "hemolyzed." What does this mean?

1. ARed cells in the sample have broken open
2. BThe sample was taken from an artery
3. CThe sample contains too many platelets
4. DThe sample has a very low hemoglobin

成人血清磷酸盐的典型参考范围是多少？

1. A约 0.5–1.5 mg/dL（0.2–0.5 mmol/L）
2. B约 2.5–4.5 mg/dL（0.8–1.5 mmol/L）
3. C约 5.5–7.5 mg/dL（1.8–2.4 mmol/L）
4. D约 8.5–10.5 mg/dL（2.1–2.6 mmol/L）

A patient on carbamazepine becomes confused and has a headache. Which laboratory result would most likely explain this?

1. AA high serum potassium
2. BA low serum sodium
3. CA low serum magnesium
4. DA high serum calcium

一名患者钠为 124 mEq/L，头痛并新出现意识模糊。哪项护理措施最恰当？

1. A鼓励患者多喝白开水
2. B提前给予处方的噻嗪类利尿剂
3. C让患者平卧，并将神经系统检查限制为每班一次
4. D采取癫痫预防措施并监测神经系统状态

一名一小时前开始胸痛的患者首次肌钙蛋白正常。正确的解释是什么？

1. A不能排除心肌梗死；应按规程重复检测肌钙蛋白
2. B肌钙蛋白对胸痛患者没有用
3. C已排除心肌梗死，因此不需要再检测肌钙蛋白
4. D患者可以立即出院回家

A patient with cirrhosis and ascites has fever and abdominal tenderness. The ascitic fluid neutrophil count is 400 cells/mm³. What does this indicate?

1. ABleeding into the abdominal cavity
2. BSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis
3. CMalignant ascites from cancer
4. DNormal ascitic fluid in cirrhosis

一名酒精使用障碍的患者尽管补钾两天，钾仍为 3.0 mEq/L。镁为 0.9 mEq/L。最恰当的下一步是什么？

1. A将钾剂量加倍，镁留到以后再补
2. B停止所有电解质补充 24 小时后再复查
3. C给予利尿剂排出过多的镁
4. D补镁；低镁使肾脏持续丢失钾