实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Which condition commonly causes a high serum potassium?

1. AKidney failure
2. BSevere diarrhea
3. CRepeated vomiting
4. DLoop diuretic use

A low mean corpuscular volume (MCV) means that:

1. AThe red cells are larger than normal (macrocytic)
2. BThe red cells contain more hemoglobin than normal
3. CThe bone marrow is making too many white cells
4. DThe red cells are smaller than normal (microcytic)

What is a typical reference range for the reticulocyte count in an adult?

1. AAbout 40–50% of red cells
2. BAbout 10–20% of red cells
3. CAbout 0.5–2% of red cells
4. DAbout 0.01–0.05% of red cells

A healthy patient has a mildly raised CK after running a marathon yesterday, without dark urine or symptoms. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe patient has developed acute pancreatitis
2. BThe patient has developed acute hepatitis
3. CStrenuous exercise raised CK from skeletal muscle
4. DAn acute myocardial infarction has occurred

Which finding during a transfusion suggests transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)?

1. ABack pain with dark red urine output
2. BHives and itching without other signs
3. CCrackles, hypertension and a raised BNP
4. DA low temperature and slow heart rate

A patient had a total gastrectomy. Which long-term therapy is needed to prevent anemia?

1. ALifelong oral folic acid tablets only
2. BMonthly transfusions of red blood cells
3. CLifelong vitamin B₁₂ replacement
4. DWeekly doses of oral vitamin K tablets

During surgery under general anesthesia, a patient develops a rising end-tidal CO₂, muscle rigidity and tachycardia, then a high potassium and a rising temperature. Which condition is most likely?

1. AHypovolemic shock
2. BMalignant hyperthermia
3. CHypoglycemia from fasting
4. DAcute hemolytic transfusion reaction

为什么对于两周前接受大量输血的患者，HbA1c 结果可能有误导性？

1. AHbA1c 测量的是白细胞上的糖，而不是红细胞
2. B输血总是使 HbA1c 假性升高
3. CHbA1c 在任何情况下都是准确的
4. D许多红细胞是供者的细胞，未曾接触该患者的葡萄糖