实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency typically causes which type of anemia?

1. AMicrocytic anemia, with small red cells
2. BAplastic anemia, with an empty bone marrow
3. CHemolytic anemia, with destroyed red cells
4. DMacrocytic anemia, with large red cells

Which ECG change is linked to hypercalcemia?

1. ATall, peaked T waves
2. BA shortened QT interval
3. CA prolonged QT interval
4. DProminent U waves

对于没有糖尿病的成人，哪个空腹血糖在典型的正常范围内？

1. A45 mg/dL（2.5 mmol/L）
2. B85 mg/dL（4.7 mmol/L）
3. C140 mg/dL（7.8 mmol/L）
4. D210 mg/dL（11.7 mmol/L）

A trauma patient receives 2 L of IV crystalloid. The hemoglobin falls from 13.0 to 11.4 g/dL (130 to 114 g/L), and the vital signs are now stable. Which explanation is most likely?

1. AA laboratory error in the first sample
2. BIncreased red cell production
3. CDilution of the blood by the IV fluid
4. DA sudden failure of the bone marrow

A patient on hemodialysis has an arteriovenous (AV) fistula in the left arm. Where should the nurse draw routine blood samples?

1. AFrom the fistula
2. BFrom the left wrist
3. CFrom the right arm
4. DFrom the left hand

Which instruction is correct for a patient starting oral iron tablets?

1. ATake each tablet with milk to protect the stomach
2. BYour stools may turn dark green or black
3. CYour urine will turn bright orange while you take it
4. DTake the tablet with an antacid to improve absorption

A patient with a heart murmur and fever has three sets of blood cultures, taken hours apart, all growing the same Streptococcus species. What does this suggest?

1. AA normal finding in patients with heart murmurs
2. BA urinary tract infection that has spread to the skin
3. CPersistent bacteremia, as in infective endocarditis
4. DContamination of all three samples during collection

A patient with acute kidney injury has a potassium of 6.8 mEq/L despite medical treatment, a pH of 7.12 and pulmonary edema not responding to diuretics. Which treatment is most likely needed?

1. AUrgent dialysis
2. BMore oral fluid
3. CA potassium supplement
4. DAn IV magnesium dose