实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

成人血清肌酐的典型参考范围是多少？

1. A约 0.6–1.2 mg/dL
2. B约 135–145 mg/dL
3. C约 3.5–5.0 mg/dL
4. D约 10–20 mg/dL

An eGFR below which value indicates stage 5 chronic kidney disease (kidney failure)?

1. A90 mL/min/1.73 m²
2. B45 mL/min/1.73 m²
3. C60 mL/min/1.73 m²
4. D15 mL/min/1.73 m²

Which type of white blood cell is normally the most numerous in an adult's blood?

1. ANeutrophils
2. BEosinophils
3. CLymphocytes
4. DMonocytes

A patient with hyperkalemia is prescribed an oral potassium binder such as patiromer or sodium zirconium cyclosilicate. How does this drug lower potassium?

1. AIt protects the heart muscle against high potassium levels
2. BIt binds potassium in the gut so it leaves in the stool
3. CIt moves potassium into cells in the next few minutes
4. DIt stops the kidneys from absorbing water in the tubules

A patient on a heparin infusion has blood in the urine and an aPTT far above the target. The nurse stops the infusion and informs the provider. Which antidote should the nurse anticipate?

1. ACalcium gluconate
2. BVitamin K (phytonadione)
3. CNaloxone
4. DProtamine sulfate

A stable adult who is not bleeding receives one unit of packed red cells. By about how much is the hemoglobin expected to rise?

1. AAbout 1 g/dL (10 g/L)
2. BAbout 3 g/dL (30 g/L)
3. CAbout 5 g/dL (50 g/L)
4. DAbout 0.1 g/dL (1 g/L)

一名服用阿哌沙班的患者问，为什么他不需要像服用华法林的邻居那样定期做 INR 检查。最好的解释是什么？

1. A阿哌沙班改为每天用 aPTT 监测
2. B它的作用可预测，所以不需要常规凝血检查
3. CINR 是与其他常规血液检查一起偷偷检查的
4. D阿哌沙班实际上并不使血液变稀

A patient's potassium is 7.2 mEq/L, and the monitor shows wide QRS complexes. Several treatments are prescribed. Which should be given first?

1. AIV calcium gluconate (or chloride)
2. BUrgent hemodialysis session
3. CAn oral potassium binder dose
4. DIV furosemide (a loop diuretic)