实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

How does active vitamin D (calcitriol) affect calcium?

1. AIt blocks calcium absorption from the gut
2. BIt moves calcium out of the blood into cells
3. CIt increases calcium absorption from the gut
4. DIt increases calcium loss in the urine

Chronic kidney disease is usually defined by an eGFR below which value for more than 3 months?

1. A15 mL/min/1.73 m²
2. B90 mL/min/1.73 m²
3. C60 mL/min/1.73 m²
4. D120 mL/min/1.73 m²

Which group of symptoms is linked to hypercalcemia ("stones, bones, groans and moans")?

1. AJaundice, itching, pale stools and dark urine
2. BTetany, muscle cramps, tingling and seizures
3. CKidney stones, bone pain, abdominal pain and confusion
4. DHeat intolerance, tremor, weight loss and diarrhea

A patient is starting atorvastatin. Which laboratory test is usually checked at baseline?

1. ALiver enzymes
2. BBlood cultures
3. CThyroid antibodies
4. DSerum lipase

A patient on peritoneal dialysis notices that the drained fluid is cloudy and has abdominal pain. What should the nurse do?

1. AStop dialysis for a week and recheck the fluid later
2. BSend the fluid for cell count and culture and report it
3. CAdd more glucose to the next bag to clear the fluid
4. DRecord it as normal and continue the usual exchanges

A patient takes high-dose biotin supplements for hair and nails. Why should the nurse report this before blood tests?

1. ABiotin causes a true rise in blood glucose in all patients
2. BBiotin lowers the hemoglobin by destroying the red cells
3. CBiotin can distort some immunoassays, such as troponin or TSH
4. DBiotin makes the blood clot in the tube before testing

A patient has a hemoglobin of 11.2 g/dL (112 g/L), an MCV of 64 fL, a normal ferritin and a normal-to-high red cell count. What is the most likely cause?

1. AAcute blood loss
2. BThalassemia trait
3. CIron deficiency
4. DVitamin B₁₂ deficiency

A patient has marked generalized edema. Results show heavy proteinuria, serum albumin 1.8 g/dL (18 g/L) and total cholesterol 340 mg/dL (8.8 mmol/L). Which condition fits best?

1. ANephrotic syndrome
2. BLiver cirrhosis only
3. CPrerenal kidney injury
4. DAcute pyelonephritis