实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Where are urinary casts formed?

1. AIn the ureters
2. BIn the kidney tubules
3. CIn the urinary bladder
4. DIn the urethra

How does dehydration usually affect the hematocrit?

1. AIt lowers it
2. BIt has no effect
3. CIt makes it zero
4. DIt raises it

Why is serum creatinine a better marker of kidney function than BUN?

1. AIt is made by the liver, so it rises in every kind of illness
2. BIt is affected mainly by protein intake, which is easy to control
3. CIt is less affected by diet, hydration and bleeding in the gut
4. DIt is not filtered by the kidneys, so its level stays very stable

In countries that screen all pregnant women (such as the US), a vaginal-rectal swab is taken at about 36–37 weeks. Which organism is it screening for?

1. AGroup B Streptococcus
2. BHepatitis B virus
3. CCandida albicans
4. DStaphylococcus aureus

A patient with HIV on antiretroviral therapy has an undetectable viral load. What does this mean?

1. AThe treatment is suppressing the virus very well
2. BThe CD4 count must now be dangerously low too
3. CThe virus has been completely cured and removed
4. DThe treatment can now be stopped without any risk

一名患者今天的空腹血糖为 98 mg/dL（5.4 mmol/L），但 HbA1c 为 8.9%（74 mmol/mol）。最好的解释是什么？

1. A患者没有糖尿病
2. B过去 2–3 个月血糖控制不佳
3. CHbA1c 只反映过去 24 小时
4. D今天的良好结果表明糖尿病控制良好

A patient's bedside glucose meter shows "HI" (above its measuring range). The patient is drowsy. What should the nurse do?

1. ARecord "HI" and repeat the meter test at the next scheduled time
2. BSend a venous sample to the lab and inform the provider at once
3. CAssume the meter is broken and give the usual insulin dose
4. DGive oral glucose in case the reading is wrong and the patient is low

一名慢性低钠血症（钠 118 mEq/L）患者正在接受治疗。为什么必须缓慢提高钠？

1. A快速纠正会导致低钾血症，这是唯一的风险
2. B缓慢纠正只是为了降低医院成本
3. C它可引起渗透性脱髓鞘，一种严重的脑损伤
4. D快速纠正会使钠再次进一步下降