实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

对于钠和钾，1 mEq/L 与 1 mmol/L 相比如何？

1. A两者相等，因为每个离子带一个电荷
2. B对这些离子来说，1 mEq/L 等于 2 mmol/L
3. C无法比较，因为它们测量的是不同的东西
4. D对这些离子来说，1 mEq/L 等于 0.5 mmol/L

What does the term pancytopenia mean?

1. AHigh red cells, white cells and platelets
2. BLow red cells, white cells and platelets
3. CLow red cells with normal platelets
4. DHigh white cells with low platelets

Lactate is mainly produced when cells:

1. ABreak down glucose without enough oxygen
2. BBreak down protein in the liver for energy
3. CStore glucose as glycogen in the muscles
4. DBreak down fat completely with oxygen

When blood is drawn from a central venous catheter, why is a small volume of blood usually discarded first, according to policy?

1. ATo lower the patient's hemoglobin for a blood transfusion
2. BTo remove blood clots that form in all central lines
3. CTo avoid diluting the sample with flush or infusion fluid
4. DTo check that the catheter tip is still in the right vein

一名患者的左前臂正在输注静脉液体。护士应在何处采集血样？

1. A在输液进行时从静脉套管采集
2. B对侧手臂
3. C同一手臂上静脉输液部位的稍上方
4. D任何静脉均可，因为液体不影响结果

For most hospitalized adults with diabetes who are critically ill, which glucose target range is commonly recommended?

1. AAbout 300–350 mg/dL (16.7–19.4 mmol/L)
2. BAbout 60–80 mg/dL (3.3–4.4 mmol/L)
3. CAbout 140–180 mg/dL (7.8–10 mmol/L)
4. DAbout 250–300 mg/dL (13.9–16.7 mmol/L)

A patient with a heart murmur and fever has three sets of blood cultures, taken hours apart, all growing the same Streptococcus species. What does this suggest?

1. APersistent bacteremia, as in infective endocarditis
2. BA normal finding in patients with heart murmurs
3. CContamination of all three samples during collection
4. DA urinary tract infection that has spread to the skin

为什么对于两周前接受大量输血的患者，HbA1c 结果可能有误导性？

1. A许多红细胞是供者的细胞，未曾接触该患者的葡萄糖
2. B输血总是使 HbA1c 假性升高
3. CHbA1c 测量的是白细胞上的糖，而不是红细胞
4. DHbA1c 在任何情况下都是准确的