实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

哪个 HbA1c 值达到糖尿病通常的诊断阈值？

1. A4.5%（26 mmol/mol）或更高
2. B6.5%（48 mmol/mol）或更高
3. C5.5%（37 mmol/mol）或更高
4. D5.0%（31 mmol/mol）或更高

What is the effect of insulin on serum potassium?

1. AIt moves potassium out of cells, raising the serum level
2. BIt makes the kidneys keep more potassium in the blood
3. CIt has no effect on potassium in any amount
4. DIt moves potassium into cells, lowering the serum level

细胞内液中的主要阳离子是哪种？

1. A钙
2. B钾
3. C钠
4. D氯

对于出现意识模糊和扑翼样震颤的严重肝病患者，哪项实验室数值最能反映原因？

1. A血清氨升高
2. B仅血清钾降低
3. C血清脂肪酶降低
4. D肌钙蛋白升高

A patient on levothyroxine has palpitations, weight loss and a TSH of 0.05 mIU/L. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe levothyroxine dose is too low
2. BThe thyroid is now completely normal
3. CThe patient has stopped the drug
4. DThe levothyroxine dose is too high

一名患者的血小板计数为 18 × 10³/µL。哪项护理措施是恰当的？

1. A患者头痛时给予处方的阿司匹林
2. B鼓励每天使用牙线两次，并用锋利的剃刀刮胡子
3. C为准确起见，每四小时经直肠测体温
4. D使用软毛牙刷、电动剃须刀，不做肌内注射

A patient has fatigue, weight gain and constipation. Results: TSH 24 mIU/L, free T₄ low, total cholesterol 285 mg/dL (7.4 mmol/L), sodium 131 mEq/L. What is the best interpretation?

1. APrimary hypothyroidism, which can raise lipids and lower sodium
2. BFamilial hypercholesterolemia, unrelated to the thyroid results
3. CHyperthyroidism, with suppressed thyroid hormone production
4. DSecondary hypothyroidism from failure of the pituitary gland

A patient's creatinine was 0.9 mg/dL (80 µmol/L) on admission and is 1.3 mg/dL (115 µmol/L) 36 hours later. Using the common KDIGO criteria, what does this show?

1. AA laboratory error, because creatinine cannot change within 2 days
2. BAcute kidney injury, because it rose by at least 0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours
3. CChronic kidney disease, because creatinine has risen above baseline
4. DNo kidney injury, because the creatinine is still within the normal range