实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Where does most of the ammonia in the blood come from, and which organ removes it?

1. ARed cell breakdown in the spleen; removed by the skin
2. BProtein breakdown by gut bacteria; removed by the liver
3. CFat breakdown in adipose tissue; removed by the lungs
4. DGlucose breakdown in muscle; removed by the pancreas

成人血清钾的典型参考范围是多少？

1. A1.3–2.1 mEq/L
2. B135–145 mEq/L
3. C6.0–8.0 mEq/L
4. D3.5–5.0 mEq/L

哪种心电图改变是低钾血症的典型表现？

1. A相邻两个或多个导联 ST 段抬高
2. Bdelta 波和 PR 间期缩短
3. CT 波低平和 U 波明显
4. DT 波高尖和 QRS 增宽

一名患者的左前臂正在输注静脉液体。护士应在何处采集血样？

1. A同一手臂上静脉输液部位的稍上方
2. B任何静脉均可，因为液体不影响结果
3. C在输液进行时从静脉套管采集
4. D对侧手臂

一名患者的血红蛋白为 7.8 g/dL（78 g/L）。护士预期会有哪些发现？

1. A头痛、鼻出血和面色发红
2. B疲劳、苍白、心率快和活动时呼吸急促
3. C心率慢、皮肤潮红和血压高
4. D瘙痒、皮肤发黄和尿色深

一名服用苯妥英的患者血药水平为 28 mcg/mL（通常范围约 10–20 mcg/mL）。护士预期会有哪些发现？

1. AT 波高尖
2. B仅有多动行为和失眠
3. C饥饿和体重增加
4. D眼球震颤、步态不稳和言语含糊

A patient has fever, chills, flank pain and costovertebral angle tenderness. Urinalysis shows many white cells and white cell casts. Which condition is most likely?

1. ASimple cystitis
2. BGlomerulonephritis
3. CAcute pyelonephritis
4. DNephrotic syndrome

A patient has marked generalized edema. Results show heavy proteinuria, serum albumin 1.8 g/dL (18 g/L) and total cholesterol 340 mg/dL (8.8 mmol/L). Which condition fits best?

1. ALiver cirrhosis only
2. BAcute pyelonephritis
3. CNephrotic syndrome
4. DPrerenal kidney injury