实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Which drug is routinely monitored with blood levels because of its narrow therapeutic range?

1. AAmoxicillin
2. BLithium
3. COmeprazole
4. DLoratadine

A patient who has not eaten for 2 days has ketones in the urine. What is the most likely reason?

1. AThe kidneys are leaking protein
2. BThe liver is making too much glucose
3. CThe body is burning fat for energy
4. DThe bladder has a bacterial infection

Serum amylase is less specific than lipase for pancreatitis because amylase also comes from:

1. AThe heart muscle
2. BThe bone marrow
3. CThe thyroid gland
4. DThe salivary glands

一名患者的血小板计数为 18 × 10³/µL。哪项护理措施是恰当的？

1. A鼓励每天使用牙线两次，并用锋利的剃刀刮胡子
2. B患者头痛时给予处方的阿司匹林
3. C为准确起见，每四小时经直肠测体温
4. D使用软毛牙刷、电动剃须刀，不做肌内注射

On the first day after major surgery, a patient's white cell count is 12.5 × 10³/µL, with no fever or wound signs. What is the best interpretation?

1. AA laboratory error, since surgery lowers white cells
2. BA sign of leukemia that needs bone marrow testing
3. CA common stress response to surgery that is monitored
4. DDefinite wound infection that needs antibiotics now

A trauma patient receives 2 L of IV crystalloid. The hemoglobin falls from 13.0 to 11.4 g/dL (130 to 114 g/L), and the vital signs are now stable. Which explanation is most likely?

1. AA laboratory error in the first sample
2. BDilution of the blood by the IV fluid
3. CIncreased red cell production
4. DA sudden failure of the bone marrow

哪项发现最有力地提示患者肌酐升高是由于急性肾损伤，而不是长期的慢性肾脏病？

1. A三天前肌酐正常，此后翻了一倍
2. B患者长期贫血
3. C患者多年来肌酐一直偏高
4. D患者超声检查显示肾脏缩小

一名使用肝素输注的患者血小板计数在第 7 天从 260 降至 110 × 10³/µL。哪项措施最恰当？

1. A立即上报：可能是肝素诱导的血小板减少症
2. B继续输注，并按方案增加速度
3. C输注血小板并继续使用肝素
4. D不采取措施，因为计数仍略高于 100 × 10³/µL