实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

In many US nursing references, what is the commonly cited therapeutic range for serum lithium in maintenance therapy?

1. AAbout 2.0–3.0 mEq/L
2. BAbout 0.6–1.2 mEq/L
3. CAbout 10–20 mEq/L
4. DAbout 3.5–5.0 mEq/L

A tuberculin skin test (TST) is read as positive. What does this mean?

1. AThe person has been infected with TB bacteria at some point
2. BThe person is fully immune and can never develop TB
3. CThe person has never been exposed to TB bacteria
4. DThe person definitely has active, contagious pulmonary TB

Why can bilirubin appear in the urine in obstructive jaundice but not in hemolytic jaundice?

1. AUnconjugated bilirubin is broken down in the bladder
2. BHemolysis stops the kidneys making any urine at all
3. COnly conjugated bilirubin is water soluble and filtered
4. DThe kidneys are always damaged in obstructive jaundice

A patient with chronic kidney disease receives an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent such as epoetin alfa. Which assessments are most important?

1. ASerum amylase and lipase
2. BLiver enzymes and bilirubin
3. CSerum glucose and ketones
4. DHemoglobin and blood pressure

A patient with joint aches has a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) test. Which statement is correct?

1. AA positive ANA supports lupus but does not diagnose it alone
2. BA positive ANA rules out all other autoimmune diseases
3. CA positive ANA means the patient has a viral infection
4. DA positive ANA proves the patient has rheumatoid arthritis

A patient with HIV on antiretroviral therapy has an undetectable viral load. What does this mean?

1. AThe CD4 count must now be dangerously low too
2. BThe treatment is suppressing the virus very well
3. CThe treatment can now be stopped without any risk
4. DThe virus has been completely cured and removed

A patient on stable digoxin starts amiodarone. A week later, the patient has nausea and visual changes, and the digoxin level is above the range. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AAmiodarone has raised the digoxin level
2. BAmiodarone has lowered potassium only
3. CDigoxin has raised the amiodarone level
4. DThe patient has started a viral illness

A patient with a large, fast-growing lymphoma will start chemotherapy tomorrow. Which plan best prevents tumor lysis syndrome?

1. ANo special measures, because the risk starts only after a week
2. BIV hydration, a uric acid-lowering drug and frequent electrolytes
3. CCalcium supplements and a high-phosphate diet during treatment
4. DFluid restriction and a high-potassium diet before the treatment