实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

血清渗透压的典型参考范围是多少？

1. A约 275–295 mOsm/kg
2. B约 50–100 mOsm/kg
3. C约 400–500 mOsm/kg
4. D约 135–145 mOsm/kg

细胞内液中的主要阳离子是哪种？

1. A钙
2. B钠
3. C钾
4. D氯

对于钠和钾，1 mEq/L 与 1 mmol/L 相比如何？

1. A两者相等，因为每个离子带一个电荷
2. B对这些离子来说，1 mEq/L 等于 0.5 mmol/L
3. C无法比较，因为它们测量的是不同的东西
4. D对这些离子来说，1 mEq/L 等于 2 mmol/L

一名意识清醒的患者血糖为 54 mg/dL（3.0 mmol/L），已摄入 15 g 速效碳水化合物。应在何时复测血糖？

1. A第二天早晨
2. B下一餐时
3. C约 15 分钟后
4. D约 2 小时后

A tired patient with heavy menstrual periods has a normal hemoglobin and MCV but a ferritin of 8 ng/mL. What does this show?

1. AIron deficiency without anemia yet
2. BA completely normal iron status
3. CIron overload from too much iron
4. DVitamin B₁₂ deficiency anemia

A patient has a calcium of 11.8 mg/dL (2.95 mmol/L) from bone metastases. Which nursing measure is appropriate?

1. AEncourage fluids and mobility as tolerated
2. BGive calcium carbonate antacids for nausea
3. COffer extra milk and cheese at each meal
4. DEncourage bed rest and limit oral fluids

A patient with ongoing hemolytic anemia has an HbA1c of 4.6%, but home glucose readings are often 180–220 mg/dL (10–12 mmol/L). What best explains the gap?

1. AThe home glucose meter is reading falsely high
2. BShort red cell life span lowers the HbA1c falsely
3. CHemolysis makes the HbA1c test read too high
4. DThe patient has true, well-controlled diabetes

The nurse prepares a patient for a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test tomorrow morning. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I can have a light breakfast before the test"
2. B"I'll fast overnight but can drink plain water"
3. C"I'll avoid smoking until the test is over"
4. D"I'll stay seated during the test if I can"