实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

What is a typical adult reference range for serum chloride?

1. AAbout 3.5–5.0 mEq/L
2. BAbout 98–106 mEq/L
3. CAbout 22–28 mEq/L
4. DAbout 135–145 mEq/L

在呼吸困难的患者中，B 型利钠肽（BNP）升高最有力地支持哪种疾病？

1. A肺炎
2. B惊恐发作
3. C心力衰竭
4. D哮喘发作

How does dehydration usually affect the hematocrit?

1. AIt makes it zero
2. BIt lowers it
3. CIt raises it
4. DIt has no effect

A patient's potassium is unexpectedly 5.8 mEq/L. The sample was taken after the tourniquet was on for several minutes while the patient pumped their fist. What is the best interpretation?

1. AThe result confirms true hyperkalemia and needs no further checking
2. BTourniquet time affects only the glucose result, not the potassium
3. CThe result may be falsely high and should be repeated with better technique
4. DFist pumping lowers potassium, so the true level is even higher

在慢性肾脏病中，血清磷酸盐升高通常伴有钙的哪种变化？

1. A血清钙升高
2. B血清钙降低
3. C仅血清钾升高，钙无变化
4. D钙无变化

Why is a baseline platelet count taken before starting heparin therapy?

1. ASo that the INR can be calculated from the platelet count later
2. BBecause heparin is given at a dose based on the platelet count
3. CSo a later fall from heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is detected
4. DBecause heparin increases the platelet count to dangerous levels

一名长期肺部疾病的患者血清碳酸氢盐 32 mEq/L，动脉血 PaCO₂ 一直偏高，pH 7.36。哪种情况最符合？

1. A急性严重腹泻伴大量碳酸氢盐丢失
2. B急性糖尿病酮症酸中毒伴严重脱水和呕吐
3. CCOPD 伴慢性 CO₂ 潴留和代谢性代偿
4. D急性阿司匹林过量伴呼吸急促

A patient on a stable dose of levothyroxine now has a TSH of 9.8 mIU/L. She recently started taking her calcium and iron supplements with her morning levothyroxine. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe supplements are causing an overactive thyroid gland
2. BThe supplements are reducing levothyroxine absorption
3. CThe TSH is low, showing that the dose is now too high
4. DThe result is normal for a person on levothyroxine therapy