实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Which laboratory test is traditionally used to adjust a continuous infusion of unfractionated heparin?

1. AActivated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
2. BPlatelet function assay (PFA-100 test)
3. CErythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
4. DInternational normalized ratio (INR)

Where does most of the ammonia in the blood come from, and which organ removes it?

1. AGlucose breakdown in muscle; removed by the pancreas
2. BFat breakdown in adipose tissue; removed by the lungs
3. CProtein breakdown by gut bacteria; removed by the liver
4. DRed cell breakdown in the spleen; removed by the skin

成人血清肌酐的典型参考范围是多少？

1. A约 135–145 mg/dL
2. B约 10–20 mg/dL
3. C约 3.5–5.0 mg/dL
4. D约 0.6–1.2 mg/dL

When several samples are drawn at the same venipuncture, which tubes or bottles are filled first?

1. AFluoride (glucose) tubes
2. BCoagulation (citrate) tubes
3. CEDTA (complete blood count) tubes
4. DBlood culture bottles

A patient had a total gastrectomy. Which long-term therapy is needed to prevent anemia?

1. ALifelong oral folic acid tablets only
2. BMonthly transfusions of red blood cells
3. CLifelong vitamin B₁₂ replacement
4. DWeekly doses of oral vitamin K tablets

An older adult with chronic kidney disease takes glyburide (glibenclamide, a sulfonylurea) and has repeated low glucose readings. Why is this a concern?

1. AThe drug causes high potassium that lowers the glucose
2. BThe drug stops working entirely when the kidneys fail
3. CThe drug makes the glucose meter read falsely low
4. DThe drug and its metabolites build up and cause long lows

护士应首先报告哪位患者的结果？

1. A一名已知稳定 CKD 的患者肌酐 1.6 mg/dL（141 µmol/L）
2. B总胆固醇略高于目标
3. C一名出汗并意识模糊的患者血糖 42 mg/dL（2.3 mmol/L）
4. D一名 2 型糖尿病患者 HbA1c 7.4%（57 mmol/mol）

A patient with blood pressure that is hard to control has a potassium of 2.9 mEq/L, a sodium of 144 mEq/L and a raised serum bicarbonate, without taking a diuretic. Which condition is most likely?

1. APrimary adrenal insufficiency
2. BSyndrome of inappropriate ADH
3. CPrimary hyperaldosteronism
4. DCentral diabetes insipidus